This new feature provides complete control over data security, making it easier than ever to meet compliance and regulatory requirements. Encryption at rest can be enabled at the database and server levels. To learn more about encryption of data in transit in Data Lake, see Encryption of data in Data Lake Store. This characteristic is called Host Your Own Key (HYOK). Azure data encryption-at-rest scheme uses a combination of symmetric and asymmetric keys for establishing the key space. TLS provides strong authentication, message privacy, and integrity (enabling detection of message tampering, interception, and forgery), interoperability, algorithm flexibility, and ease of deployment and use. Security-Relevant Application Data Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against 'man in the middle' attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application. Organizations have the option of letting Azure completely manage Encryption at Rest. For more information, see Transparent Data Encryption with Bring Your Own Key support for Azure SQL Database and Data Warehouse. See, Queue Storage client library for .NET (version 12.11.0 and above) and Python (version 12.4 and above), Queue Storage client library for .NET (version 12.10.0 and below) and Python (version 12.3.0 and below), Update your application to use a version of the Queue Storage SDK version that supports client-side encryption v2. In that scenario customers can bring their own keys to Key Vault (BYOK Bring Your Own Key), or generate new ones, and use them to encrypt the desired resources. For Azure services, Azure Key Vault is the recommended key storage solution and provides a common management experience across services. This feature enables developers to encrypt data inside client applications before putting in into Azure Storage. This combination makes it difficult for someone to intercept and access data that is in transit. Blob Storage client library for .NET (version 12.12.0 and below), Java (version 12.17.0 and below), and Python (version 12.12.0 and below), Update your application to use a version of the Blob Storage SDK that supports client-side encryption v2. For more information about how to create a storage account that enables infrastructure encryption, see Create a storage account with infrastructure encryption enabled for double encryption of data. This section describes the encryption at rest support at the time of this writing for each of the major Azure data storage services. For example: Apply a label named "highly confidential" to all documents and emails that contain top-secret data, to classify and protect this data. May 1, 2023. By default, service-managed transparent data encryption is used. Key Vault is the Microsoft-recommended solution for managing and controlling access to encryption keys used by cloud services. Customers can verify SQL Database and SQL Managed Instance compliance with internal security policies in independent third-party audit reports available on the Microsoft Trust Center. Detail: Use site-to-site VPN. Detail: Use a privileged access workstation to reduce the attack surface in workstations. For example, unauthorized or rogue users might steal data in compromised accounts or gain unauthorized access to data coded in Clear Format. Applies to: All Azure AD servers are configured to use TLS 1.2. Encryption is the secure encoding of data used to protect confidentiality of data. Always Encrypted uses a key that created and stored by the client. Practice Key Vault recovery operations on a regular basis. Data encryption at rest is a mandatory step toward data privacy, compliance, and data sovereignty. In these cases, you can enable the Encryption at Rest support as provided by each consumed Azure service. SQL Managed Instance databases created through restore inherit encryption status from the source. You can also enable delegation of on-premises database administration to third parties and maintain separation between those who own and can view the data and those who manage it but should not have access to it. The following resources are available to provide more general information about Azure security and related Microsoft services: More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge, Deploy Certificates to VMs from customer-managed Key Vault, Azure resource providers encryption model support to learn more, Azure security best practices and patterns. Azure Storage encryption is similar to BitLocker encryption on Windows. To learn how to migrate to the Az PowerShell module, see Migrate Azure PowerShell from AzureRM to Az. It also allows organizations to implement separation of duties in the management of keys and data. Key Vault streamlines the key management process and enables you to maintain control of keys that access and encrypt your data. With proper file protection, you can analyze data flows to gain insight into your business, detect risky behaviors and take corrective measures, track access to documents, and so on. Data at rest in Azure Blob storage and Azure file shares can be encrypted in both server-side and client-side scenarios. Encryption of the database file is performed at the page level. For remote management, you can use Secure Shell (SSH) to connect to Linux VMs running in Azure. To restore an existing TDE-encrypted database, the required TDE certificate must first be imported into the SQL Managed Instance. Security administrators can grant (and revoke) permission to keys, as needed. Detail: Encrypt your drives before you write sensitive data to them. For Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse, the TDE protector is set at the server level and is inherited by all databases associated with that server. TDE protector is either a service-managed certificate (service-managed transparent data encryption) or an asymmetric key stored in Azure Key Vault (customer-managed transparent data encryption). Azure provides double encryption for data at rest and data in transit. There is no additional cost for Azure Storage encryption. Azure Data Lake is an enterprise-wide repository of every type of data collected in a single place prior to any formal definition of requirements or schema. (used to grant access to Key Vault). ), No ability to segregate key management from overall management model for the service. To learn more about and download the Azure Storage Client Library for .NET NuGet package, see Windows Azure Storage 8.3.0. You can configure a site-to-site VPN connection to a virtual network by using the Azure portal, PowerShell, or Azure CLI. The Azure Table Storage SDK supports only client-side encryption v1. To ensure this data is encrypted at rest, IaaS applications can use Azure Disk Encryption on an Azure IaaS virtual machine (Windows or Linux) and virtual disk. The keys need to be highly secured but manageable by specified users and available to specific services. It performs real-time encryption and decryption of the database, associated backups, and transaction log files at rest without requiring changes to the application. Using client-side encryption with Table Storage is not recommended. Azure SQL Database supports RSA 2048-bit customer-managed keys in Azure Key Vault. Data encryption keys which are stored outside of secure locations are encrypted with a key encryption key kept in a secure location. Key Vault relieves organizations of the need to configure, patch, and maintain hardware security modules (HSMs) and key management software. You can configure Azure VPN gateways to use a custom IPsec/IKE policy with specific cryptographic algorithms and key strengths, rather than the Azure default policy sets. Customer-managed TDE is also referred to as Bring Your Own Key (BYOK) support for TDE. The term "data at rest" refers to the data, log files, and backups stored in persistent storage. Make sure that your data remains in the correct geopolitical zone when using Azure data services. Use the following cmdlets for Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse: For Azure SQL Managed Instance, use the T-SQL ALTER DATABASE command to turn TDE on and off on a database level, and check sample PowerShell script to manage TDE on an instance level. Customers who require high levels of assurance that their data is secure can also enable 256-bit AES encryption at the Azure Storage infrastructure level. To learn more about BYOK for Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse, see Transparent data encryption with Azure Key Vault integration. Organizations that fail to protect data in transit are more susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks, eavesdropping, and session hijacking. You can also use the Storage REST API over HTTPS to interact with Azure Storage. You can configure a point-to-site VPN connection to a virtual network by using the Azure portal with certificate authentication or PowerShell. It covers the major areas of encryption, including encryption at rest, encryption in flight, and key management with Azure Key Vault. Industry and government regulations such as HIPAA, PCI and FedRAMP, lay out specific safeguards regarding data protection and encryption requirements. creating, revoking, etc. Vaults help reduce the chances of accidental loss of security information by centralizing the storage of application secrets. For additional control over encryption, you should supply your own keys using a disk encryption set backed by an Azure Key Vault. For more information, see, To learn more about TDE with BYOK support for Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance and Azure Synapse, see. This article describes best practices for data security and encryption. These definitions are shared across all resource providers in Azure to ensure common language and taxonomy. Some Azure services enable the Host Your Own Key (HYOK) key management model. TDE performs real-time I/O encryption and decryption of the data at the page level. Soft-Delete and purge protection must be enabled on any vault storing key encryption keys to protect against accidental or malicious cryptographic erasure. Best practice: Use a secure management workstation to protect sensitive accounts, tasks, and data. This approach is called cell-level encryption or column-level encryption (CLE), because you can use it to encrypt specific columns or even specific cells of data with different encryption keys. To configure TDE through the Azure portal, you must be connected as the Azure Owner, Contributor, or SQL Security Manager. You can use Azure Key Vault to maintain control of keys that access and encrypt your data. Organizations that don't enforce data encryption are more exposed to data-confidentiality issues. Data at rest Microsoft's approach to enabling two layers of encryption for data at rest is: Encryption at rest using customer-managed keys. You can use a site-to-site VPN gateway connection to connect your on-premises network to an Azure virtual network over an IPsec/IKE (IKEv1 or IKEv2) VPN tunnel. Data that is already encrypted when it is received by Azure. However, it's important to provide additional "overlapping" security measures in case one of the other security measures fails and encryption at rest provides such a security measure. Detail: Enforce security policies across all devices that are used to consume data, regardless of the data location (cloud or on-premises). To obtain a key for use in encrypting or decrypting data at rest the service identity that the Resource Manager service instance will run as must have UnwrapKey (to get the key for decryption) and WrapKey (to insert a key into key vault when creating a new key). Best practice: Ensure endpoint protection. More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption, Tutorial: Encrypt and decrypt blobs in Azure Storage by using Key Vault, cell-level encryption or column-level encryption (CLE), The Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP), Data security and encryption best practices. SQL Database, SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse need to be granted permissions to the customer-owned key vault to decrypt and encrypt the DEK. For more detail on Key Vault authorization see the secure your key vault page in the Azure Key Vault documentation. Data encryption with customer-managed keys for Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL enables you to bring your own key to protect data at rest. The configuration steps are different from using an asymmetric key in SQL Database and SQL Managed Instance. For this reason, keys should not be deleted. As described previously, the goal of encryption at rest is that data that is persisted on disk is encrypted with a secret encryption key. If a database is in a geo-replication relationship, both the primary and geo-secondary databases are protected by the primary database's parent server key. Preview this course. Amazon S3. An Azure service running on behalf of an associated subscription can be configured with an identity in that subscription. For more information on Azure Disk encryption, see Azure Disk Encryption for Linux VMs or Azure Disk Encryption for Windows VMs. The Azure resource provider creates the keys, places them in secure storage, and retrieves them when needed. Best practice: Store certificates in your key vault. Data in transit (also known as data in motion) is also always encrypted in Data Lake Store. These vaults are backed by HSMs. For example, if you want to grant an application access to use keys in a key vault, you only need to grant data plane access permissions by using key vault access policies, and no management plane access is needed for this application. For scenarios where the requirement is to encrypt the data at rest and control the encryption keys customers can use server-side encryption using customer-managed Keys in Key Vault. A TDE certificate is automatically generated for the server that contains the database. Azure Synapse Analytics. All new and existing block blobs, append blobs, and page blobs are encrypted, including blobs in the archive tier. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Azure supports various encryption models, including server-side encryption that uses service-managed keys, customer-managed keys in Key Vault, or customer-managed keys on customer-controlled hardware. The packets are encrypted on the devices before being sent, preventing physical man-in-the-middle or snooping/wiretapping attacks. Restore of backup file to Azure SQL Managed Instance, SQL Server running on an Azure virtual machine also can use an asymmetric key from Key Vault. However, service local access to encryption keys is more efficient for bulk encryption and decryption than interacting with Key Vault for every data operation, allowing for stronger encryption and better performance. All Azure Storage services (Blob storage, Queue storage, Table storage, and Azure Files) support server-side encryption at rest; some services additionally support customer-managed keys and client-side encryption. Best practices for Azure data security and encryption relate to the following states: Data at rest: This includes all information storage objects, types, and containers that exist statically on physical media. With Azure SQL Database, you can apply symmetric encryption to a column of data by using Transact-SQL. Limiting the use of a single encryption key decreases the risk that the key will be compromised and the cost of re-encryption when a key must be replaced. If an attacker obtains a hard drive with encrypted data but not the encryption keys, the attacker must defeat the encryption to read the data. The arguments for the commands in the Az module and in the AzureRm modules are substantially identical. IaaS services can enable encryption at rest in their Azure hosted virtual machines and VHDs using Azure Disk Encryption. Best practices: Use encryption to help mitigate risks related to unauthorized data access. Azure SQL Managed Instance Connections also use RSA-based 2,048-bit encryption key lengths. Only an entity with access to the Key Encryption Key can decrypt these Data Encryption Keys. See, Table Storage client library for .NET, Java, and Python. Transparent data encryption (TDE) helps protect Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics against the threat of malicious offline activity by encrypting data at rest. You can protect your managed disks by using Azure Disk Encryption for Linux VMs, which uses DM-Crypt, or Azure Disk Encryption for Windows VMs, which uses Windows BitLocker, to protect both operating system disks and data disks with full volume encryption. This article provides an overview of how encryption is used in Microsoft Azure. TDE is used to encrypt SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Azure Synapse Analytics data files in real time, using a Database Encryption Key (DEK), which is stored in the database boot record for availability during recovery. Client-side encryption is performed outside of Azure. Azure Disk Encryption : This is not enabled by default, but can be enabled on Windows and Linux Azure VMs. As of June 2017, Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) is enabled by default on newly created databases. The CEK is encrypted using a Key Encryption Key (KEK), which can be either a symmetric key or an asymmetric key pair. By default, Azure Data Lake Store manages the keys for you, but you have the option to manage them yourself. For operations using encryption keys, a service identity can be granted access to any of the following operations: decrypt, encrypt, unwrapKey, wrapKey, verify, sign, get, list, update, create, import, delete, backup, and restore. Encryption at rest provides data protection for stored data (at rest). Data in transit to, from, and between VMs that are running Windows can be encrypted in a number of ways, depending on the nature of the connection. SSH is an encrypted connection protocol that allows secure sign-ins over unsecured connections. Different models of key storage are supported. If you choose to use ExpressRoute, you can also encrypt the data at the application level by using SSL/TLS or other protocols for added protection. Doing so gives you more granular encryption capability than TDE, which encrypts data in pages. Enable the soft delete and purge protection features of Key Vault, particularly for keys that are used to encrypt data at rest. This attack is much more complex and resource consuming than accessing unencrypted data on a hard drive. These attacks can be the first step in gaining access to confidential data. Full control over the keys used encryption keys are managed in the customer's Key Vault under the customer's control. This technology is integrated with other Microsoft cloud services and applications, such as Microsoft 365 and Azure Active Directory. Data encryption at rest is available for services across the software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud models. Microsoft-managed keys are rotated appropriately per compliance requirements. Using SQL Server Management Studio, SQL users choose what key they'd like to use to encrypt which column. Detail: Azure Resource Manager can securely deploy certificates stored in Azure Key Vault to Azure VMs when the VMs are deployed. This policy grants the service identity access to receive the key. Keys should be backed up whenever created or rotated. In addition to its data integration capabilities, Azure Data Factory also provides . Best practices for Azure data security and encryption relate to the following data states: Protecting your keys is essential to protecting your data in the cloud. Detail: Use ExpressRoute. There are no controls to turn it on or off. 2 For information about creating an account that supports using customer-managed keys with Table storage, see Create an account that supports customer-managed keys for tables. Server-side Encryption models refer to encryption that is performed by the Azure service. To learn more about client-side encryption with Key Vault and get started with how-to instructions, see Tutorial: Encrypt and decrypt blobs in Azure Storage by using Key Vault. You can also import or generate keys in HSMs. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, data in a storage account is encrypted twice once at the service level and once at the infrastructure level with two different encryption algorithms and two different keys. Microsoft Azure provides a compliant platform for services, applications, and data. Key Vault is not intended to be a store for user passwords. Data encryption at rest is a mandatory step toward data privacy, compliance, and data sovereignty. Since we launched Azure Database for MySQL to public, all customer data is always encrypted at rest using service managed keys. Encryption scopes can use either Microsoft-managed keys or customer-managed keys. Best practice: Apply disk encryption to help safeguard your data. Configuring Encryption for Data at Rest in Microsoft Azure. Etcd store is fully managed by AKS and data is encrypted at rest within the Azure platform. Independent of the encryption at rest model used, Azure services always recommend the use of a secure transport such as TLS or HTTPS. When you export a TDE-protected database, the exported content of the database isn't encrypted. For Azure SQL Managed Instance, the TDE protector is set at the instance level and it is inherited by all encrypted databases on that instance. Azure VPN gateways use a set of default proposals. This protection technology uses encryption, identity, and authorization policies. All Azure Storage resources are encrypted, including blobs, disks, files, queues, and tables. TDE is enabled on the new database, but the BACPAC file itself still isn't encrypted. Metadata is added to files and email headers in clear text. Optionally, you can choose to add a second layer of encryption with keys you manage using the customer-managed keys or CMK feature. The PowerShell Azure Resource Manager module is still supported, but all future development is for the Az.Sql module. All public cloud service providers enable encryption that is done automatically using provider-managed keys on their platform. Azure SQL Database Data at transit: This includes data that is being transferred between components, locations, or programs. Azure Storage encryption cannot be disabled. Detail: All transactions occur via HTTPS. For some services, however, one or more of the encryption models may not be applicable. Client Encryption model refers to encryption that is performed outside of the Resource Provider or Azure by the service or calling application. Microsoft Azure offers a variety of data storage solutions to meet different needs, including file, disk, blob, and table storage. Amazon S3 supports both client and server encryption of data at Rest. Attacks against data at-rest include attempts to obtain physical access to the hardware on which the data is stored, and then compromise the contained data. The three server-side encryption models offer different key management characteristics, which you can choose according to your requirements: Service-managed keys: Provides a combination of control and convenience with low overhead. You can also use Azure RMS with your own line-of-business applications and information protection solutions from software vendors, whether these applications and solutions are on-premises or in the cloud. This type of connection requires an on-premises VPN device that has an external-facing public IP address assigned to it. An understanding of the various encryption models and their pros and cons is essential for understanding how the various resource providers in Azure implement encryption at Rest. AES handles encryption, decryption, and key management transparently. In this model, the key management is done by the calling service/application and is opaque to the Azure service. Protection that is applied through Azure RMS stays with the documents and emails, independently of the location-inside or outside your organization, networks, file servers, and applications. The protection technology uses Azure Rights Management (Azure RMS). You can connect to Azure through a virtual private network that creates a secure tunnel to protect the privacy of the data being sent across the network. Permissions to use the keys stored in Azure Key Vault, either to manage or to access them for Encryption at Rest encryption and decryption, can be given to Azure Active Directory accounts. Following are best practices specific to using Azure VPN Gateway, SSL/TLS, and HTTPS. Azure Data Factory also provides advanced security features, such as data encryption at rest and in transit, and integrates with Azure Active Directory to manage user access and permissions. This approach ensures that anybody who sends links with SAS tokens uses the proper protocol. Azure Storage Service Encryption (SSE) can automatically encrypt data before it is stored, and it automatically decrypts the data when you retrieve it. Microsoft automatically rotates these certificates in compliance with the internal security policy and the root key is protected by a Microsoft internal secret store. Whenever Azure Customer traffic moves between datacenters-- outside physical boundaries not controlled by Microsoft (or on behalf of Microsoft)-- a data-link layer encryption method using the IEEE 802.1AE MAC Security Standards (also known as MACsec) is applied from point-to-point across the underlying network hardware. Use PowerShell or the Azure portal. For more information, see data encryption models. To help protect data in the cloud, you need to account for the possible states in which your data can occur, and what controls are available for that state.