Intelligence professionals must take the time to use these tools effectively. Commanders should know the disposition and situation of their forces without having to visit each unit on the ground. collection by Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR), processing, exploitation and dissemination (PED), analysis, and intelligence synchronization. Habitual relationships in task organization also save preparation time. Specify the name of report, providing agency, etc. (2014). Analyzing a structure involves determining how its location, functions, and capabilities can support the operation. Easier said than done. In all cases, the fewer the CCIR, the better the staff can focus its efforts and allocate scarce resources. Consideration of time available further includes the time subordinate commanders and units require to plan and prepare their own operations. During preparation and execution, CCIR focus on information needed to validate the selected COA or determine when to initiate critical events, such as a branch or sequel. essential element Any of a number of elements required by living organisms to ensure normal growth, development, and maintenance. CCIR limit information reported to commanders to information critical to decisionmaking. It also depends on how much time is usable; for example, for some activities, hours of darkness are useable time, while for others they are not. Commanders have legal and moral responsibilities to refugees and noncombatants in their AOs. Effective use of terrain diminishes the effects of enemy fires, increases the effects of friendly fires, and facilitates surprise. Define "spatial": relating to or occupying space. However, it is important to realize that they exist. Observation and Fields of Fire. When commanders achieve situational understanding, they see patterns emerging from events in the area of interest. Relevant Information Production and Flow. B-70. Using the example PIR from above, where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force, the process looks something like this. Simultaneously, bad weather can help the defender by making offensive movement more difficult. EEI ensures incident personnel gather the most accurate and appropriate data, translate it into useful information, and communicate it with appropriate personnel. Essential elements of information (EEI) is any critical intelligence information required by intelligence consumers to perform their mission. Exceptional information is processed as an answer to one of the CCIR. Exceptional information results from an unexpected extraordinary event, such as an unforeseen opportunity for success or an early warning of an unforeseen threat. The GMTI indicates that a company size formation is moving towards 3-21IN and 1-5INs positions and a larger battalion size element is moving towards 1-24INs position. B-51. What is the projected requirement for DoD worker crisis counseling and mental health and substance abuse behavioral health capabilities/support? RI includes information about their activities, capabilities, and limitations. Part 1 - The Priority Intelligence Requirement: This is the overarching question that needs to be answered. Will DoD permit the use of TRAC2ES and the GPMRC to monitor and track all patient movements (air, sea, and ground), including movement of at-risk populations? Commanders consider the effects of their decisions and their forces' actions on public opinion. Exceptional information is information that would have answered one of the commander's critical information requirements if the requirement for it had been foreseen and stated as one of the commander's critical information requirements. Is DOD assistance available to provide bulk transport support for medical supplies/equipment/personnel? The analyst realizes that all the elements of the Priority Intelligence Requirement have been satisfied thus answering the overall PIR of where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force? It is not designed to be used as is and must be modified to obtain the maximum benefit. A field of fire is the area that a weapon or group of weapons may cover effectively from a given position (JP 1-02). It is treated as an answer to one of the CCIR and reported to the commander immediately by any method available. A PIR, along with Friendly Force Information Requirements (FFIR) and Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFI), is one of the three components of a Commanders Critical Information Requirement which is outlined in ADRP 5-0 as, an intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or the operational environment (JP 2-0). Please enable scripts and reload this page. Commanders consider cover and concealment to identify potential friendly and enemy locations. All CCIR are not tied to decision points; however, some CCIR may support one or more decision points. The World in Spatial Terms a. What plan is in place to gather baseline behavioral health data on deploying HHS personnel? Send Emails in a Series 2. Cognition-the act of learning, of integrating from various pieces of information-allows commanders and staffs to generate knowledge. Individually or collectively, people can affect a military operation positively, negatively, or neutrally. When established, EEFI have a priority on a level with CCIR. Are there any environmental health risks? Others add a sixth element, communications, to the list. Commanders analyze key civilian areas in terms of how they affect the missions of their individual forces as well as how military operations affect these areas. However, generating these keywords and phrases is also crucial for the research stage when using the internet. The goal in IM should not be processing vast amounts of data but processing the information necessary to bring commanders to an accurate situational understanding as quickly as possible. Design of an information system is done based on elements of the model. Extremely time-sensitive in terms of decisionmaking; there can be no delays in transmission. This in turn will cause a trigger to be met on the decision support matrix (DSM). From the IRs, the staff recommends designating some as PIRs or FFIR. Have rates of psychiatric illness been restored to pre-event levels? Essential elements of friendly information. Status of progress? They are constrained only by those control measures that ensure necessary coordination. Civil considerations comprise the influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military operations. Because of its nature, collectors often amass a lot of unimportant data. What is the behavioral health bed status in the affected and surrounding areas/ status of NDMS? Planners consider climate with longer-range plans, while most tactical planning considers weather. Not every one of a units PIR will be able to be nested with a PIR from the higher headquarters but the more that are, particularly ones that are tied to the next higher headquarters main effort or top priority, the more help from higher a unit will typically get. Each BOS develops its own IRs to answer CCIR and perform its functional responsibilities. Infographics simplify lengthy or complex data by presenting it into a visually pleasing package. Has a Joint Field Office been established? The commander and staff must address exceptional information before the operation can continue. Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN) CDC Radionuclide Assay Lab and Health Physicists, Home | Contact Us | Accessibility | Privacy Policies | Disclaimer | HHS Viewers & Players| HHS Plain Language| Vulnerability Disclosure Policy, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), 200 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20201, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | USA.gov| Unexpected, unplanned, and situation-dependent. Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are the key pieces of qualitative and quantitative data necessary to develop situational awareness for decision-making. They plan to exploit success and aggressively look for opportunities, keeping within the higher commander's intent. Staffs may recommend CCIR, based on mission analysis during planning and on assessment during preparation and execution; however, they keep the number of recommended CCIR to a minimum. Other business practices compliment the process, too, such as (1) Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR) for, collection, analysis, production, and dissemination, U.S. Army Intelligence & Security Command. Key Terrain and Decisive Terrain. Without this focus collectors and analysts are left to determine for themselves what they think the priority is. This requires the commander and subordinate commanders to share an accurate situational understanding. The colors in the spectra show dips, the size of which reveal the amount of these elements in the atmosphere of a star. Terrain also includes environmental considerations, that is, the spectrum of environmental media, resources, or programs that affect and are affected by operations. An introduction email should be part of your company's broader email marketing strategy. They view capabilities in terms of those required to save, sustain, or enhance life, in that priority. Health and Social Services EEIs (Impact Data). B-32. Would an overhead satellite image effectively answer the question or do you need Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI) because the PIR can only be answered by the detection of movement? Intelligence, a product that becomes relevant information (RI) within C2, falls into the second (information) and third (knowledge) levels of the cognitive hierarchy. A thorough understanding of the mission focuses decisionmaking throughout the operations process. EEFI state the friendly force information that, if compromised to the enemy, would place mission accomplishment in jeopardy. They look for possible assembly areas, routes, axes of movement, assault positions, ambushes, and battle positions. Once all the EEIs of a given Priority Intelligence Requirement have been confirmed the analyst can confidently state that a PIR has been answered. Information requirements are all information elements the commander and staff require to successfully conduct operations; that is, all elements necessary to address the factors of METT-TC. However some operations require achieving unity of effort between them and the force. However, information alone has no meaning. Corps and divisions routinely interact with other US agencies, host-nation governmental agencies, and NGOs. This page is not available in other languages. Does it include at-risk needs? What is the status of behavioral healthcare infrastructure (e.g., hospitals, clinics, etc.)? What is the status of environmental assessments (i.e., air and water quality, etc.)? What is the status of the need for behavioral health support to the FMS: diagnoses, occupied beds, vacant/available beds, types and amounts of psychotropics used, and patient contacts since last report? IRs must be related to the unit mission; unfocused requests may provide plenty of data, but not much RI. These EEI refine the Priority Intelligence Requirement. During planning, CCIR are established by WARNO. Where is the enemy and what is he going to do? Commanders consider manmade features and their effects on natural terrain features and climate when they analyze terrain. What staging areas are being used by Federal responders? Using a structure for military purposes often competes with civilian requirements for it. These visits also provide insights into the intangibles that data and reports cannot capture. Two small fixing forces are moving towards 1-5IN and 3-21INs position and the larger breaching force indicated by its size and composition is headed towards 1-24INs position. TTPs include battle drills and tactical actions that lend themselves to standardized execution, such as refuel-on-the-move site operations. The answers the Program Delivery Manager received from the Applicant while asking questions from the Essential Elements of Information questionnaire during the Recovery Scoping Meeting produce documentation requirements in Grants Portal These decisions and assessments produce new questions that address the changed situation and future command decisions. Therefore, commanders and ASCC G2s must ensure an optimized intelligence enterprise by preserving and stewarding intelligence capabilities as well as the intelligence core tasks (e.g. Processing includes filtering, fusing, formatting, organizing, collating, correlating, plotting, translating, categorizing, and arranging. The Shadow queued by the JSTARS flies over the enemy formation and identifies 2 IMR-2 obstacle clearing vehicles following a large formation of tanks and BMPs headed towards 1-24INs position. It also tells the higher headquarters that helping you answer your PIR helps them answer theirs potentially making them more willing to assist you. Complete information on terrain is more than data on features, slope and elevation, soil conditions, and vegetation; it also includes their impact on vehicle and human movement rates, maintenance, tempo, trafficability, and maneuverability by various types of forces. They are a factor in all types of military operations: offense, defense, stability, and support. This appendix lists the essential elements of information related to a public health emergency or disaster response and the associated data source or agency. What state(s) need assistance? (2014). Areas defined by political boundaries, such as, districts within a city or municipalities within a region. B-33. Standard supporting plans, such as rear area security plans, are a form of TTP. What damage has occurred in the affected area (including injuries/fatalities)? Events are routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities that significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations. In the case of PIRs, especially PIR that are CCIR, resource allocation involves tasking ISR assets to collect the information and process it into intelligence. The C2 system collects data from various sources to answer IRs. The cycle of planning and directing, collecting, processing, analyzing and producing, and disseminating intelligence requires a substantial effort to overcome some unique and complex challenges. Safety and Security of Human Drugs, Biologics, Medical Devices, and Veterinary Drugs. From this, commanders can determine how organizations and military forces can work together toward common goals when necessary. What is the plan for distributing behavioral health-based tips to deploying personnels families and workplaces? Situation-dependent-directly linked to current and future missions. Without this focus collectors and analysts are left to determine for themselves what they think the priority is. COMMANDER'S CRITICAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS. What response elements (if any) have deployed, including ERT-A, Human Services Assessment Teams, etc.? For this reason, elevated terrain often draws enemy attention. It is provided by standard reports and ISR activities. This information is known as indicators. Law and the killing of a Russian propagandist: Some Q & A BY CHARLIE DUNLAP, J.D. The EEI are specific to a particular event, thing, or other target individual. Weather and climate have direct and indirect effects on tactical operations. Public Health Emergency - Leading a Nation Prepared. (The joint definition of information requirements [IRs] includes only intelligence requirements; the Army definition encompasses all RI.) Full Motion Video of enemy formation, SIGINT collection, Cavalry Observation Post report of enemy movement. (as an example for FMS), Are SNS assets being pre-positioned; and if so, where are the intended sites, Does the potentially affected state(s) have adequate vaccination/immunization supplies? These teams regularly update terrain information to reflect the effects of combat, as well as of nature. Even though the phases are conducted sequentially, each phase may be occurring simultaneously and dealing with different needs. What does the State(s) need from the Federal Government for behavioral health care? The Incident Specific EEIs are designed to provide the Incident Manager (IM) situational awareness of the incident. Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) is then done on the information collected by the collection asset and is reported to the analyst in the form of indicators. Everything you do using a computer is done by the software. Analysts can shift focus for a short period to shift their attention to specific mission priorities without completely dropping sight of the overarching campaign. Effective commanders use weather and climate to their advantage. B-44. These are two distinct questions that have a positive or negative answer. This important but often overlooked aspect of the PIR can help the collection manager to properly assign collectors. When the enemy has the initiative, all friendly reactions to enemy actions result in an enemy counteraction. (See figure B-1.) With understanding, commanders can make better decisions and more effectively regulate actions by their forces. Commanders analyze their forces for weaknesses and vulnerabilities that enemies might exploit, and act to counter them. Still, many of the teachers I spoke to said this simple change is vital. There can be many different kinds of people living and operating in and around an AO. Other knowledge products may be presented separately from, but in conjunction with, the COP. The United States Department of Defense defines EEI as follows: The United Kingdom Ministry of Defence defines EEI as follows: The United States Army eliminated the term EEI from its doctrine in August 2014, though Joint doctrine still uses the term.[3]. The commander and staff tailor their display for resolution and content appropriate to their echelon of command and the mission. He has served at every echelon from platoon to combatant command and has deployed three times in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. In intelligence: Levels of intelligence they are usually called the essential elements of information and are defined as those items of intelligence information about a foreign power, armed force, target, or physical environment that are absolutely vital for timely and accurate decision making. They must be specific and measurable.They should also help highlight recovery issues and barriers to recovery.. B-74. Concealment is protection from observation and surveillance (JP 1-02). This trigger being met will require the commander to implement that decision. (See FM 3-13.) (PED), analysis, and intelligence synchronization. (See FM 22-100.). The commander and C2 system piece together multiple bits of data to make information; analysis and evaluation of numerous pieces of information produce knowledge. This is the information part of an information system, and whether that is statistical data, sets of instructions, lists of names or even graphics and animations, it is all key to a CBIS. In "Fundamentals of Information Systems," Ralph Stair and George Reynolds define a computer-based information system (CBIS) as a "single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information." If you want to give a successful presentation, you need to connect with your audience. What systems are in place to distribute necessary supplies, equipment and support for infrastructure deficits? Speak Slowlyand Increase Your Wait Time. By definition, commanders need it to make a decision. How far in advance will the determination for mandatory evacuation of the possible evacuation impact area be made? B-3. Troops using valleys as avenues of approach must control the adjacent ridges to protect their movement. What is current status of potable water within the damaged area? Are health care and social service providers experiencing/expecting workforce attrition? B-65. Just as hardware cannot function without software, software cannot function without data. Is there a requirement for medical personnel to support Urban Search and Research Teams at staging areas and on missions (e.g., DMAT)? B-48. The C2 system cannot reduce judgment to procedures or rules. : Small platoon to company size combat force committed in to one or more of the battalion battle positions. Doing so allows the lower echelon to leverage the analytical power and collection capability of the next higher headquarters. The Collection Manager would then take the PIR worksheet and assign collection assets to fulfill the requirements. While this is a simplified example the process can work just as simply and straight forward in an actual combat situation. Obstacles. An avenue of approach is categorized by the size and type of force that can use it, for example, a dismounted infantry company, an armored division, or an attack-helicopter company. All projects in Grants Portal have an EEI section that must be completed prior to submission of the grant to FEMA for review. What is the plan for transitioning behavioral health care back to the state and local commuinities? (See figure B-1.) Commanders also consider the consequences of using it. The same terrain feature may not be key for all COAs. Whenever possible, commanders perform a personal reconnaissance of the terrain where they plan to operate. These may include church groups, fraternal organizations, patriotic or service organizations, labor unions, criminal organizations, and community watch groups. An avenue of approach is an air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path (JP 1-02). It is useful to separate people into distinct categories. Terrain adjacent to the AO may be key if its control is necessary to accomplish the mission. A good avenue of approach allows ease of movement and good cover, concealment, observation, and fields of fire. This includes the time required to assemble, deploy, move, and converge units to mass the effects of combat power effectively. Corridors (ridge and valley systems) can either form natural avenues of approach (if they run toward an objective), or obstacles to movement (if they run perpendicular to the direction of movement, forming cross compartments). Each level of information has a different value in supporting command and control (C2). Enemies react to every friendly move. Others-such as, churches, mosques, national libraries, and hospitals-are cultural sites that international law or other agreements generally protect. Is there a threat from vector- borne disease? Based on the need for pre-staging of behavioral health assets, has DMAT deployed any behavioral health assets? Does the potentially affected state(s) have adequate psychotropic medications? Cognition turns information into knowledge. They produce constructive results by the force of argument and the example of their actions. In the U.S. Army Intelligence & Security Command (USINSCOM), proper implementation of the intelligence apparatus, using a PIR-driven methodology and enterprise synchronization, is part of a Line of Effort (LOE) for most Brigade Commanders and the HQs, as it is key task to set the theater. B-54. Organizations involved in recovery should develop EEIs to support their situational awareness and assessment efforts prior to a disaster occurring. IM begins (at the lower left corner of figure B-2) with questions that the commander and staff need answered to exercise C2. They also consider time with respect to the enemy: time available is always related to the enemy's ability to plan, prepare, and execute operations, and react effectively to friendly actions. B-62. EEIs should be added or deleted to the ICP for each operational period depending on the specific circumstances and phase of response. The most important element of control is information. It addresses the following related concepts: the cognitive hierarchy of information, relevant information categories by subject (METT-TC) and by usage, information management categories, and relevant information quality criteria. The activities of a force-or individual members of a force-can have far-reaching effects on the legitimacy of all military operations-offense, defense, stability, or support. Usually reports have a prescribed purpose and format. Commanders remain familiar with organizations operating in their AOs. They are crafted as described above in order to assist the analyst in supporting the commanders decision making. 3- Maps and other geographic tools get Information from a Spatial perspective. If communication between people is included in this element, though, it is an important element. What is the scope of the incident and the response? From the Collection Battalion to the Army Service Component Command (ASCC), PIR (and the analysis that goes into answering them) are one the most important tasks of the Intelligence enterprise. Staffs use information from the COP to answer CCIR, including PIRs and FFIR, and to maintain their running estimates. What local partners and NGOs are operational in affected areas with the capacity to deliver critical health/safety information to affected individuals/areas, including the at-risk population? Units and soldiers who work together frequently already know each other's SOPs and how they use TTPs. Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN). The collector may become fixated on counting equipment and only reporting when they see the exact size force described by the indicator. What is the status of behavioral health care facilities in the affected communities? If not, develop detailed list of what needed, how much, by when? Obstacles can be natural, manmade, or a combination of both (JP 1-02). US, Mexican leaders have strong opinions, Policy Brief: Emerging Transnational Organized Crime Threats in Latin America: Converging Criminalized Markets & Illicit Vectors, Maximizing the potential of American irregular warfare in strategic competition, Opinion: Dont blur the lines by calling Mexican drug cartels terrorist organizations, Armed Conflicts Spread Contaminated Water and Disease: Heres How to Better Protect Civilians, Deterring the Next Invasion: Applying the Accumulation of Events Theory to Cyberspace, TThe next big threat to AI might already be lurking on the web, Migrant Caravans: A Deep Dive Into Mass Migration through Mexico and the Effects of Immigration Policy, Managing Risk for Special Operations Forces in Large-Scale Combat Operations, The grey zone: Russia's military, mercenary and criminal engagement in Africa, Deadly Rio de Janeiro: Armed Violence and the Civilian Burden, North Koreas Political Warfare Strategy Has Failed: ROK U.S. Alliance Needs A Superior Strategy. PIRs identify the information about the enemy and other aspects of the operational environment that the commander considers most important.[i] Answering a PIR will result in one of the commanders decision point criteria being met. Communication is left out of some lists of CBIS elements, but for a CBIS that involves more than one piece of hardware to function, communication or connectivity is a necessity. Essential Elements of Information is the required documents to support your grant. These EEI refine the Priority Intelligence Requirement. As information moves up the hierarchy, the C2 system transforms it. The best indicators are things that are unique about a formation. IPB is critical to analyzing and understanding the effect of terrain on friendly and enemy COAs. He has written several articles forSmall Wars Journalon a wide range of subjects. Commanders have only a limited ability to influence them, although terrain includes manmade structures, such as roads and cities. Is DOD assistance available to provide patient transport/strategic lift capability support? The types of existing obstacles are natural, manmade, and military. When assigning missions, commanders ensure all their subordinates' missions support the decisive operation and the higher commander's intent.
Northstar Lift Tickets, How To Respond To I'm Okay I Guess, 3 Stock Portfolio Standard Deviation Formula, Vera The Escape Turn Synopsis, Jacob Martin Obituary, Articles OTHER