for details), lived there. According to Buddhist legends, the baby exhibited the marks of a great man. He himself says (Thag. The head of Shakyas oligarchic council, the rj, would only assume and stay in office with the approval of the King of Kosala. Please donate to our server cost fundraiser 2023, so that we can produce more history articles, videos and translations. The second visit of note was that paid by the Buddha when Viddabha, chagrined by the insult of the Skyans, invaded Kapilavatthu in order to take his revenge. Many members of the Royal family joined the uddhodana ():[from uddha > undh] m. having p rice or food, Name of a king of Kapila-vastu (of the tribe of the kyas and father of Gautama Buddha, [Buddhist literature; Monier-Williams Buddhism 21 etc.]). For his mother, see chap. Mukherjee finished excavating Lumbini and then, following his own earlier research and the works of Faxian and Xuanzang, located what seemed to be Kapilavastu a short distance away at Tilaurakot in 1898 CE. On this occasion he preached five Jtaka stories the Phandana, Daddabha, Latukika, Rukkhadhamma and Vattaka (Sammodamna) and the Attadanda Sutta. WebA king of Kapilavastu in northern India and the father of Shakyamuni. The oldest son was Prince Suddhodana. Ayodhy. Rhula was known to his friends as Rhulabhadda (Rhula, the Lucky). Only a few escaped, and these came to be called the Nalaskiy and the Tinaskiy. On this occasion he seems to have resided, not at the Nigrodhrma, but in the Mahvana. WebHe was a prince of the king Suddhodana who ruled the kingdom of Kapilavastu of Shakya clan, and his mother was queen Sirimahamaya who was from the Koliyan clan. cit., p.6. The eldest son, or prince was Sakyamuni, and his mother had no other son. Rhula used to accompany the Buddha on his begging rounds. At the same time that Ashoka was sending out his missionaries, he had the Buddha's remains disinterred from the eight (or ten) stupas erected by Buddha's first disciples and then reinterred in 84,000 other stupas throughout his kingdom. and paid homage to the infant by allowing his feet to rest on his head, []. Kapilavatthu. And since their chief was elected, the 'Prince' Siddhartha of later legend must be considered a fabrication. A small river dividing the Skyan and Koliyan countries. A tribe in North India, to which the Buddha belonged. The legend, thus briefly given, is enlarged on with great detail in the Commentaries. DA.ii.672f. Among these was his aunt-mother Prajapati who established the first order of Buddhist nuns and, most likely, at Kapilavastu. [26] In Early Buddhist Texts, nanda is the first cousin of the Buddha. Kapilavastu During this visit, he preached the Dhamma to Suddhodana. [7] This long gestation period is explained by bad karma from previous lives of both Yaodhar and of Rhula himself, although more naturalistic reasons are also given. After some time, Devadatta developed siddhis and his intention is said to have been corrupted. The exact site of ancient Kapilavastu is unknown. Later, a friend of Suddhodana named Kaludayi invited the Buddha to return, at the request of Suddhodana. He is believed to be a leader of the Shakya clan, who lived within the state of Kosala, on the northern border of Ancient India. The Buddhist commentarial tradition says that Savatthi is the scene of each Buddhas Yamaka ptihriya[10]; Gotama Buddha performed this miracle under the Gandamba tree. Among the Skyans who thus escaped was Pandu, son of Amitodana. When the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu for the first time after his Enlightenment and accepted Suddhodanas invitation, Rhulas mother (Rhulamt) sent the boy to the Buddha to ask for his inheritance (dyajja). (64). But he is raised by his aunt Pajapati since his mother died on his 7th day of life. The eldest sister, Piy, later married Rma, king of Benares, and their descendants became known as the Koliyans (see Koliy for details). Kaludayi also chose to become a monk but kept his word to invite the Buddha back to his home. In numerous Jtakas, Rhula is mentioned as having been the Bodhisattas son e.g., in the Uraga, Kapi (No. Family of Gautama Buddha - Wikipedia J.i.60; DhA.i.70. The Buddha felt himself powerless to save them from their fate because they had committed sin in a previous life by throwing poison into a river. The books record a visit paid by the Brahm Sahampati to the Buddha in the Mahvana at Kapilavatthu. uddhodana- Father of Great Buddha - History Flame Those who favor Tilaurakot claim that it is closer to Lumbini than Piprahwa and on a more or less direct route to the site of Bhawanipur, identified as the ancient Devadaha. cit., 22) that this was a brahmin clan, claiming descent from the ancient isi Gotama. A more common appellation is the king of pure rice ({.} Her son was Jantu, and being pleased with him, the king promised her a boon. The kya-born kings that ended with uddhodana Are said to descend from the solar Ikvku dynasty. His son Shahanu was the grandfather of the Buddha. After the death of King Suddhodana, Maha Prajapati journeyed to find the Buddha. Asita.-Often called the Buddhist Simeon, though the comparison is not quite correct. The inscription was authenticated, however, by the highly respected French orientalist Auguste Barth (l. 1834-1916 CE), and the vase acknowledged as containing the Buddha's remains. The Mahvastu (which confuses Iksvku with his ancestor Sujta) mentions five sons of Iksvku: Opura, Ulkmukha, Karandaka, Hastikasrsa and Nipura (i.348). uddhodana is generally regarded as the last kya king Under whom the kyas prospered. xx, note 10. From the auspicious marks on its body he knew that it would become the Enlightened One and was greatly overjoyed, but realising that he himself would, by then, be born in an Arpa world and would not therefore be able to hear the Buddha preach, he wept and was sad. [18] When he fell to the ground, he (immediately) walked seven paces. The places (were also pointed out)[6] where (the rishi) A-e[7] inspected the marks (of Buddhaship on the body) of the heir-apparent (when an infant); where, when he was in company with Nanda and others, on the elephant being struck down and drawn to one side, he tossed it away;[8] where he shot an arrow to the south-east, and it went a distance of thirty le, then entering the ground and making a spring to come forth, which men subsequently fashioned into a well from which travellers might drink;[9] where, after he had attained to Wisdom, Buddha returned and saw the king, his father;[10] where five hundred Sakyas quitted their families and did reverence to Upali[11] while the earth shook and moved in six different ways; where Buddha preached his Law to the devas, and the four deva kings and others kept the four doors (of the hall), so that (even) the king, his father, could not enter;[12] where Buddha sat under a nyagrodha tree, which is still standing,[13] with his face to the east, and (his aunt) Maja-prajapati presented him with a Sanghali;[14] and (where) king Vaidurya slew the seed of Sakya, and they all in dying became Srotapannas. At Tilaurakot, meanwhile, Mukherjee excavated a number of structures and unearthed sculptures relating to the Buddha, terracotta figurines, pottery shards, beads, coins, the ruins of what appeared to have been a fort, living quarters, and a monastic structure, as well as two stupas associated with Suddhodana and Maya. It is said (AA.i.145) that immediately after Rhulas ordination the Buddha preached to him constantly (abhinhovdavasena) many suttas for his guidance. Shuddhodana - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia This was not the night when he finally fled from Kapilavastu, and as he was leaving the palace, perceiving his sleeping father, and said, Father, though I love thee, yet a fear possesses me, and I may not stay;The Life of the Buddha, p. 25. There the Buddha is said to have found fault with Sriputta for his neglect of Rhula (see also Sp.iv.744). He married two queens called Maya Devi and Prajapati Gotomi. The sites of modern-day Piprahwa and Tilaurakot were both first excavated in the 1898-1899 CE season, the first by the British landowner William Claxton Peppe and the second by the Indian archaeologist Purna Chandra Mukherjee (also given as P.C. A compromise is to regard Tilaurakot as the old Kapilavastu (before the attack by the Kosalan army near the end of Buddhas life), and Piprahwa as the new Kapilavastu (after it was rebuilt on a new location). }, or rice, must be a mistake for {. During his reign Kapilavastu became a center of international trade, learning, and spiritual culture. But he refused to believe it, saying that his son would never die without achieving his goal (J.i.67). Kapilavatthu was the centre of a republic, at the head of which was Suddhodana. They were actually the two sisters. World History Encyclopedia. 1) uddhodana () is one of the four sons of king Sihahanu, an ancient king of the solar clan (ditagotra or sryavaa) according to Mahprajpramitstra (chapter VI). Siddhartha spent the first 29 years of his life in this paradise, married, and had a son before he was exposed to the suffering of life through the Four Signs an aged man, a sick man, a dead man, and a spiritual ascetic when he was out for a ride beyond the walls of Kapilavastu. In Buddhist texts, a white elephant was said to have entered her side during a dream. The Origins of Buddhism: Part 2 - Nichiren Shoshu The eldest queen had four sons mentioned above and five daughters Piy, Suppiy, Anand, Vijit and Vijitasen. provide the prince with all kinds of luxuries in order to hold him fast to Using the texts of Faxian and Xuanzang, all it seemed they had to do was follow in their footsteps to locate Kapilavastu. See, e.g., D.i.91; the Skyans had a similar Mote Hall at Ctum (M.i.457). At least 20 years before the Buddha's birth, Kapilavastu was ruled by the Shakya chief (or king), Sihahanu while the nearby city of Devadaha was ruled by his brother Anjana. The question which continues to divide scholars and laypersons alike in the modern day regarding the sites associated with the historical Buddha at least - is not Siddhartha's early standing, nor even Kapilavastu's, but where that ancient city, which figures so prominently in the story, was located. However, if he saw four signs, an old man, a sick man, a corpse and a monk, he would instead become a great sage. ; see also Divy 548, and Buddhacarita I.v.2). Modern scholarship casts serious doubt on the historicity of the traditional legend, first of all, because it does not seem that Suddhodana was a king nor that Maya was a princess or queen. He came morning and evening to see the king, Suddhodana, who showed him as great respect as he had while yet his pupil; this, we are told, is a characteristic of Skiyan kings. The administration and judicial business of the city and all other matters of importance were discussed and decided in the Santhgrasl (D.i.91; J.iv.145). Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddhas words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. On the other hand, we find various clans claiming a share of the Buddhas relics on the ground that they, like the Buddha, were khattiyas (D.ii.165). Mark, published on 14 October 2020. uddhodana ():[uddho+dana] (na) 1. m. King of Kapila, father of Skya. Princess Yaodhar was the wife of Siddhartha who later became Gautama Buddha.She was the daughter of Koliya king Suppabuddha and Queen Amitha. As a result of the latters ordination, a rule was passed by the Buddha, at Suddhodanas request, that no one should be ordained without the sanction of his parents, if they were alive. These fascinating stories of his reunions with Suddhodana his father; Yasodhara and Rahula, his wife and son; his cousin Nanda, among others give us a glimpse of what the Buddha was like as a person, and of the Cite This Work Title: History, Indian Buddhism The Buddha himself belonged to the Gotamagotta. Their capital was Kapilavatthu. The search for Buddhas birthplace following the accounts left by Xuanzang and Faxian involved various searches in the late 19th century. After the meal the Buddha preached to the women of the palace who, with the exception of Rhulamt, had all come to hear him. SNA.i.341 differs again and calls the king Sankha. Discover the meaning of suddhodana in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on Exotic India. The accounts differ in details; the Jtaka account, which is the longest, mentions other Jtakas: Daddabha and Rukkhadhamma. Link: "Archaeological Excavations at Piprhw and Ganwaria and the Identification of Kapilavastu", The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions, "The Ancient City of Kapilvastu - Revisited", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapilavastu_(ancient_city)&oldid=1128865849, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 10:40. [] In Vail, at the time of V and Th, The last crown princes were Subh and Mga. Not all the Skyans of Kapilavatthu believed in their kinsmans great powers, even after the Buddhas performance of various miracles. Kaccana. Web. xvii, note 3. These were: His disciples honored his wishes and erected a stupa at each of these sites (among others) which held a portion of the Buddha's relics. The identification of Kapilavatthu is not yet beyond the realm of conjecture. Kludy kept his promise and the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu, staying in the Nigrodhrma. The quarrel waxed fierce, and a bloody battle was imminent, when the Buddha, arriving in the air between the two hosts, asked them, Which is of more priceless value, water or khattiya chiefs? He thus convinced them of their folly and made peace between them. He is reported to have rolled a boulder toward the Buddha, injured his foot, and to have incited an elephant to charge at the Buddha and his disciples but was subdued by the Buddha. According to the Dulva (Rockhill, p.11), the city was on the banks of the Bhagrath. For a time, Devadatta was highly respected among the sangha. Scholar John Keay comments: The Shakya state [was one of those republics which had many governors]. "Kapilavastu." He was then seventeen. ), which flowed between the two kingdoms. Kaundinya The Buddha visited Rhulamt in her dwelling and preached to her the Candakinnara Jtaka. Kapilavastu (according to Buddhist texts) was founded by the king Ikshvaku, one of the sons of the mythical Shraddhadeva Manu, the first human. Your son will grow up to be even greater than you are now! The Buddha then performed a miracle and preached the Vessantara Jtaka, and their pride was subdued. King Sinhahanu had four sons and four daughters. Seven days after his birth, Maya died and his father, fearing that exposure to this kind of suffering or any kind would inspire his son to pursue spirituality instead of politics, decreed that he should never know such pain and took measures to prevent it, quickly marrying Maya's sister, Prajapati, so that his son would have a mother. 145, 146; The Life of the Buddha, pp. Suddhodana was filled with wonder and himself worshipped the child. Ikshvaku, continuing his father's legacy of compassion and care, initiated building projects to house and protect his people; one of these cities is said to have been Kapilavastu. Most recent research on the matter denies the idea that Suddhodana was a monarch. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Mra, seeing him there, assumed the form of a huge elephant and trumpeted loudly, hoping to frighten him. See the account of this event in M. B., p. 150. Once, while he was away from his capital Shravasti, his minister Dgha Chryana placed his son Viabha on the throne. They lived on the slopes of the Himalaya and, consorting with their sisters and their descendants, formed the Skyan race. 2) uddhodana () is a king of Kapilavastu according to Mahprajpramitstra (chapter XXIV). She was considered to known as Rupa Nanda and Janapada Kalyani, because of her beauty . Mention is also made of other Skyan settlements e.g., Ctum, Khomadussa, Smagma, Devadaha, Slavat, Nagaraka, Medatalumpa, Sakkhara and Ulumpa (q.v.). [22], nanda was the primary attendant of the Buddha and one of his ten principal disciples. DA.i.258. We are told that the Skyans decorated the town with lights for a yojana round, and stopped all noise while the Buddha was in the mote-hall (MA.ii.575). was raised to her position (Mhv.ii.15f. After the Buddhas death, a portion of the relics was claimed by the Skyans of Kapilavatthu, and a shrine to hold them was erected in the city (D.ii.167; Bu.xxviii.2). Generally, Indian guidebooks and historians consider Piprahwa to be the real Kapilavastu, while Nepalese guidebooks and historians consider Tilaurakot to be the real Kapilavastu. See Thomas, op. p.243, 28; The Buddha-carita, I.v.2 calls it Kapilasyavastu). Although the Sanskritised form of the Pli name is Iksavku, it is unlikely that Okkka is identical with the famous Iksavku of the Purnas, the immediate son of Manu, son of the Sun. Rhula (Pli and Sanskrit) was the only firstborn son of Siddhrtha Gautama, and his wife and princess Yaodhar. A new Mote Hall was built at Kapilavatthu while the Buddha was staying at the Nigrodhrma, and he was asked to inaugurate it. Related Content shower of rain that fell, he preached the Vessantara Jataka. and Pamita. When she found him, she petitioned the Buddha, through Ananda, to allow women to enter the Sangha as bhikkhuni. Pajapati Pasenadi ( or Sanskrit: Prasenajit) (c. 6th century BCE) was a Aikvka dynasty (a dynasty founded by King Ikvku) ruler of Kosala. Kapilavastu (according to Buddhist texts) was founded by the king "Kapilavastu." We find, for instance, Dandapn meeting the Buddha in the Mahvana and, leaning on his staff, questioning him as to his tenets and his gospel. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. [11], Between seven[6] and fifteen[12] years after Rhula is born, the Buddha returns to Kapilavastu, where Yaodhar has Rhula ask the Buddha for the throne of the kya clan. In his revised version he gives for it, I cannot say happily, As well as at the pool, the water of which came down from above for washing (the child)., See chap. An oligarchy, ruled by an elite council of the warrior and ministerial class that chose its leader or rj. (According to SNA.i.340, Moggallna taught him the kammavc; see also J.ii.393). }, {.} Lord Buddha was born as the crown prince of the Kapilavastu to King Suddhodana and Queen Maya. Archaeological evidence and non-Buddhist texts suggest that the Shakya political organization was an oligarchy in which rulers were elected. Kaundinya - Wikipedia and SA.i.53ff substitute Pathavudriyana for Daddabha. I have not met with the account of this presentation. The two cities were allied closely through intermarriage in order to keep the bloodline pure, and this tradition continued with the marriage of Suddhodana, son of Sihahanu of the Shakya, to Maya, daughter of Anjana of the Koliya, which would result in the birth of the Buddha. ; Dpv.iii.45; J.i.15, etc.). Dhammapla says (ThagA.i.501) that the Rohin flows from north to south and that Rjagaha lies to the south east of it. During this visit, he preached the dharma to Suddhodana. Mention is often made in the books (DhA.i.124; MA.i.537; Mil.410 attributes this statement to Sriputta; SNA.i.202 expands it to include others) that, though Rhula was his own son, the Buddha showed as much love for Devadatta, Angulimla and Dhanapla as he did for Rhula. Tilaurakot in Nepal is more widely accepted by historians than Piprahwa in Uttar Pradesh, though finds at the latter (including a reliquary found inside a mud stupa) indicate Buddhist activity dating to the 5th-4th century BCE, around the time of the death of the Buddha. The Buddha was born into a noble family in Lumbini in 563 BCE as per historical events and 624 BCE according to Buddhist tradition. 180, 181. Upali was distinguished by his knowledge of the rules of discipline, and praised on that account by Buddha. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. D.iii.83 (Saky . Okkka had a slave-girl called Dis, who gave birth to a black baby named, accordingly, Kanha. 26d 46s N., lon. Savatthi is the place where the Twin Miracle (Pali:Yamaka Patihara) took place, in which Buddha made a demonstration of his supernatural powers for the purpose of silencing certain believers of other faiths who proclaimed that the Buddha was incapable of performing supernatural miracles. child was seated cross legged in the air, he again worshipped him (J.i.57f). Seven years later, after word of his enlightenment reached Suddhodana, he sent nine delegates to invite Siddhartha back to the Shakya land. At a depth of 18 feet, he found a stone coffer containing jewels, bone fragments, ashes, and five small vases, one of which was inscribed with a line, in Brahmi script, claiming to hold the remains of the Buddha. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles: The Great Chronicle of Buddhas (by Ven. He was ordained into the sangha along with his brothers and friends and their barber, Upli, when the Buddha preached to the Shakyas in Kapilavastu. If the child left home, however, he would become a universal spiritual leader. To these Suttas Buddhaghosa (MA.i.635) adds the Smanera, or Kumrapah, and proceeds to enumerate the different purposes which the Buddha had in view in preaching these suttas; see also AA.ii.547. The Mallas of Kusinr also had a Santhgra (D.ii.164); so did the Licchavis of Vesli (Vin.i.233; M.i.228). King Suddhodana and Queen Maya are believed to have lived at Kapilavastu, as did their son Prince Siddhartha Gautama until he left the palace at the age of 29. xiii, note 11. The park is now known as Rummindei, inside the Nepal frontier and two miles north of Bhagavanpura. Kaludyi also chose to become a monk, but kept his word to invite the Buddha back to his homeland. {.} Conception of Siddhartha It was the month of Ashara, when the Sakyas were celebrating a festival, and Mayadevi was observing the fast. There is difficulty in construing the text of this last statement. Rhula himself was eager to receive instruction from the Buddha and his teachers and would rise early in the morning and take a handful of sand, saying: May I have today as many words of counsel from my teachers as there are here grains of sand! The monks constantly spoke of Rhulas amenability, and one day the Buddha, aware of the subject of their talk, went amongst them and related the Tipallatthamiga Jtaka (J.i.160ff ) and the Tittira Jtaka (J.iii.64ff ) to show them that in past births, too, Rhula had been known for his obedience. They did this, I suppose, to show their humility, for Upali was only a Sudra by birth, and had been a barber; so from the first did Buddhism assert its superiority to the conditions of rank and caste. On this occasion was preached the Sekha Sutta (M.i.353ff). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [5][13][14][15], Proposed site of Suddhodanda's Palace at Tilaurakot. Stupa at PiprahwaAnandajoti Bhikkhu (CC BY). Nine times this happened. The place of Liberation; see chap. Finally, he gained Arahantship. Mark, Joshua J.. But the theory of two Kapilavatthu is rejected by some scholars. Kosala was the setting of much Sanskrit epic literature including the Ramayana, being ruled by the Raghuvamsa (Dynasty of Raghu) the family from which Rama hails. When the Buddha ordained both Rhula and Nanda, Suddhodana was greatly distressed lest other parents should be similarly afflicted, and persuaded the Buddha to establish a rule that none should be ordained without the permission of his parents (Vin.i.82f). Amitodana, and his sisters were Tilaurakot was excavated by Robin Coningham and Armin Schmidt. Amita Later, when Viddabha, who had vowed vengeance on the Skyans for the insult offered to his father, became king, he marched into Kapilavatthu and there massacred the Skyans, including women and children. He invited the 83d 19s E. Davids says (Manual, p. 25), It was on the banks of the river Rohini, the modern Kohana, about 100 miles north-west of the city of Benares., The father, or supposed father, of Sakyamuni. Ambattha (q.v.) According to the Sutra of the Collected Stories of The Buddha 's Deeds in Past Lives, Shuddhodana was The administration and judicial affairs of the gotta were discussed in their Santhgra, or Mote Hall, at Kapilavatthu. However, she was forced to give birth en route, in the Lumbini grove. We want people all over the world to learn about history. See the long account of Prajapati in M. B., pp. The cause of the dispute was the use of the water of the River Rohin (q.v. This is most likely Lumbini, present-day Nepal, which lays close to Tilaurakot and Piprahwa.Based on stone-inscriptions, Lumbei, Kapileswar-village, at the outskirts of [15] A tope was erected at this last place, which is still existing. Sometimes he would accompany Sriputta on his begging rounds. [18] His accounts have led to a perspective in Buddhism of seeing children as hindrances to the spiritual life on the one hand, and as people with potential for enlightenment on the other hand.[19]. In 249 BCE, he placed a pillar at the site declaring it the Buddha's birthplace and establishing its name. Suddhodana; Died: Kapilavastu, Shakya (The ancient city of Kapilavastu is believed to be in present-day Nepal) Predecessor: Sihahanu: Spouse(s) Maya She claimed the kingdom for her son, and this was the reason for the exile of the elder children (DA.i.258f; SnA.i.352f). Mukherjee or Mukherji, l. c. 1845-1903 CE). And when, at the ploughing ceremony, Suddhodana saw how the jambu-tree under which the child had been placed kept its shadow immoveable in order to protect him, and that the child was seated cross legged in the air, he again worshipped him (J.i.57f). It is said that the news of Rhulas birth was brought to the Bodhisatta when he was enjoying himself in his pleasances on the banks of the royal pond after being decked by Vissakamma. She is said, in Buddhist scriptures, to have been reborn in Tusita, where her son later visited her, paid respects and taught the dharma to her.[2]. It was located about 70 miles to north-west of Gorakhpur and comprised territory corresponding roughly to the region of modern Awadh (or Oudh) in Uttar Pradesh. However that may be, once a legend or myth is accepted as history, there is little hope of changing it. Yet, when Pasenadi wished to establish connection with the Buddhas family by marrying one of the daughters of a Skyan chief, the Skyans decided in their Mote Hall that it would be beneath their dignity to marry one of their daughters to the King of Kosala. nanda is known for his memory, erudition and compassion, and is often praised by the Buddha for these matters.
John Radcliffe Hospital Visiting Hours, Marin County Court Calendar, Bethune Middle School Uniform, Lee Canyon Partner Resorts, Chris And Robin Sorensen Net Worth, Articles W