(Refer to
He includes the requirements of indirect fire to support the maneuver. Forward area arming and refueling points. For example, in an attack against a defending enemy, the COA must address the movement to, deployment against, assault of, and consolidation upon the objective. Deviations or significant conclusions reached during their enemy analysis could positively or negatively affect the battalion's and companys plan should be shared immediately with the battalion, company commander and S-2. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the objective area, and analyzing other aspects of key terrain. COA analysis allows the leader to synchronize his assets, identify potential hazards, and develop a better understanding of the upcoming operation. Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. The normal cycle for defensive missions is engagement area development and preparation of the battle positions, actions in the EA, counterattack, and consolidation and reorganization. Deductions resulting from the relative combat power analysis. . This allows them to exercise initiative and judgment to accomplish the unit's purpose. He locates intervisibility lines (ridges or horizons which can hide equipment or personnel from observation). If the benefits of performing the mission do not significantly outweigh the inherent risks of marginal/borderline weather, the flight should be a no-go or implement alternate transportation to accomplish the mission safely. On this day, he made the decision to shut down and wait for the weather to pass. However, the weather forecaster at our station did not agree with that assessment. Heavy precipitation can reduce the quality of supplies in storage. Start with Situation Template 2. Visualizing a valid decisive point is how the leader determines how to achieve success and accomplish his purpose. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher.
An example of a (partial) sketch of a course of action. Gaining complete understanding of the enemy's intentions can be difficult when his situation templates, composition, and disposition are unclear. In analyzing the enemy, the leader must understand the
War gaming helps the leader fully synchronize friendly actions, while considering the likely reactions of the enemy. Leaders should know the disposition, composition, strength, and capabilities of their forces one and two levels down. Defensive considerations the leader can include in his evaluation of avenues of approach: Key Terrain
_____ (60 points total) COURSE OF ACTION STATEMENT In the end, the usefulness of mission analysis lies in recognizing and capitalizing on opportunities. Enemy action where the leader has accepted risk such as an enemy attack where the friendly leader has chosen to conduct an economy of force. Analyzing the enemy answers the question, "What is the enemy doing and why?"
We stopped our climb at a base altitude of 3,000 feet and returned to the airfield. Unless given the benefit of information collection, his situation template is only an estimate of how the enemy might be disposed. IPB. Implied tasks derive from a detailed analysis of higher up orders, from the enemy situation and COA, from the terrain, and from knowledge of doctrine and history. A valid decisive point enables the leader to clearly and logically link how the application of combat power elements with respect to terrain, enemy, and time allows the unit to accomplish its purpose. Lessons Learned
For shaping operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which shapes the decisive operation. The analysis is a comparison of how a structures location, functions, and capabilities as compared to costs and consequences of such use. Sometime before sunset, I headed out to preflight the aircraft. Existing obstacles, man-made include towns; canals; railroad embankments; buildings; power lines; telephone lines. Some missions require a second briefing or the completion of another risk assessment. The concept of the operation is a framework to assist leaders, not a script. If he has no mutually supporting mobility corridors, then a single mobility corridor might become an avenue of approach. Is it important to me? This is not for analysis, but to show subordinates the details of the anticipated enemy COA. The leader looks at specific enemy actions during a given operation and uses the appropriate situation template to gain insights into how the enemy may fight. Leaders identify existing (inherent to terrain and either natural or man-made) and reinforcing (tactical or protective) obstacles limiting mobility in his area of operation. How can I use these features to force the enemy into its engagement area, deny him an avenue, or disrupt his movement? The line between enemy combatants and civilian noncombatants is sometimes unclear. What is the potential for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear contamination? It allows the platoon and squads to move with little hindrance. It was about a 20-minute flight and as we got closer, the dust storm worsened. Leaders to have starting points for terrain analysis must first define their operational environment. The leader groups mutually supporting mobility corridors to form an avenue of approach. This may include or be limited to adjusting the COA to better address risk. Terrain analysis should produce several specific conclusions : A-58.
The leader must answer these questions: Precipitation
A COA should be suitable, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and complete: Note. They must assess if the new information affects their missions and plans. area of operation as well as the doctrinal requirements for each specified task might reveal the implied tasks. We discussed the weather conditions and decided to keep an eye on it. Assessments regarding on-order and be-prepared missions. In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. A-110. A-101. The sequence can vary. The platoon leader begins mission analysis when receiving the mission. To anticipate events within the area of operations. 3. The decisive point might be where or how, or from where, the unit will combine the effects of combat power against the enemy. A-88. CCIRs also helps focus the efforts of subordinates and aids in the allocation of resources. These can include areas needed after combat operations and contracted resources and services. The leader determines the effects of each aspect of terrain on both friendly and enemy forces. Wind always is described as "fromto" as in "winds are from the east moving to the west." A-118. The answers to the following questions become inputs into developing a COA. How can precipitation (or lack of it) add to the unit achieving surprise? The decisive point might orient on terrain, enemy, time, or a combination of these. The population within a prescribed area of operation comprises several different groups, both ethnically and politically. He must not take these as facts. If so, then they must decide how to adjust their plans to meet these new situations. Extremes of temperature and humidity reduce personnel and equipment capabilities and may require the use of special shelter or equipment. Reinforcing obstacles, protective (reinforcing) obstacles offer close-in protection and are important to survivability. Include traditional high-payoff targets, protected cultural sites, and facilities with practical applications. Specified tasks also may be found in annexes and overlays, for example-- "Seize OBJ FOX. A COA should position the unit for future operations and provide flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution. Determine where events will occur that differentiate between EN COAs (these become NAIs) 4. to convey the operation in a doctrinal context.
PDF Chapter 3 MILITARY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS (MDMP) Will wind speed and direction affect the employment of available mortars? They must determine how the terrain and weather will affect the enemy and their units. For decisive operations, since the purposes are the same (nested concept) the essential task also accomplishes the higher headquarters purpose. What is the unit's training status and experience relative to the mission? Search and attack operations are conducted by smaller, light maneuver units and air cavalry or air assault units in large areas. Generate Options
Coa statement and sketch example #991# - Carol Romine The following requirements follow the Figure 9-5 sample from FM 6-0. Performance Knowledge Bases program is an example of an enabling tool towards that goal. A description of the weather we had encountered earlier added credence to our discussions with the battle captain. Consider all nonmilitary groups or institutions in the area of operation. Tactical risk is associated with hazards existing due to the enemy's presence. Priority intelligence requirements are information a leader needs to know about terrain or enemy to make a critical decision. Categories of terrain, restricted terrain hindering movement somewhat. A-75. The process of getting from the original COA inputs (statement and sketch) to the formal inputs needed . When the leader decides what risks he is willing to accept, he also must decide in his COA how to reduce risk to an acceptable level. Avenues of Approach
This is a demo of how to draw a COA Sketch as part of COADEV (Course of Action Development) for use briefing your Operations Order (OPORD) for MS200. Gaining local support can best be accomplished by the leader who demonstrates dignity and respect to the civilian population he is charged to protect and train.
MDMP Step 3: COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet COA statment and sketch Cover the; who (generic task organization), what (tasks), when, where, and why (purpose) for each subordinate unit. Without determining a valid decisive point, the leader cannot begin to develop a valid or tactically sound COA. Strong winds also can hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble. The two key elements are friendly forces information and priority intelligence requirements. Visibility
Course of Action Statement/Sketch - Study Research Papers Determine Time Phase Lines (TPLs) and Mobility Corridors 3. Winds
Is this terrain also important to the enemy? Capabilities
Near the ground, high winds increase turbulence and may inhibit maneuver. These tasks must be accomplished to achieve the subordinate units purpose. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. Limited planning time forces leaders to prioritize their terrain analyses. Recent Activities
of the enemy and update their enemy templates as new information or trends become available. Our visibility was rapidly deteriorating and, to make matters worse, we had only a single light source in the distance to determine our visibility. A-27. The leader develops his entire COA from the decisive point. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a mission is a duty or task assigned to an individual or unit. Furthermore, their own assumptions about the enemy must be consistent with those of their higher commander. Constraints either prohibit or require an action. A-98. In it, leaders show terrain mobility classifications, key terrain, intervisibility lines, known obstacles, avenues of approach, and mobility corridors. What would you have done in our situation? This is key terrain which seizure, retention, or control is necessary for mission accomplishment. Areas of operation. What terrain is important to the enemy and why? How will cloud cover affect the target acquisition of the command launch unit? Purposes of critical warfighting functions elements. Decisive point and what makes it decisive. A-71. He conducts mission analysis to help him start developing his vision, and to confirm what he must do to accomplish his mission. Our pilot report, along with others, gave the forecaster more information to augment his observation. Swamps and rugged ground are two examples of restricted terrain for Infantry forces. Understanding these patterns helps leaders plan and execute information collection, combat operations, and logistical resupply. A-42. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. As addressed in step 1 of the TLP, time analysis is a critical aspect to planning, preparation, and execution. Composition
Examples of critical events that can be identified in advance for a defensive operation are reward passage of counter reconnaissance forces, commitment of the reserve, displacement of forces,. Controlling this area could prove critical in establishing a support by fire position to protect a breach force. A-70. Higher headquarters (two levels up) mission, intent, and concept. An analysis of the ability to generate combat power will help the leader confirm or deny his tentative decisive point. Lost opportunity, such as movement across terrain severely restricts the speed of traverse. The observer must observe both the impact and effects of indirect fires. Develop a Concept of Operations
A-49. Identifies how the enemy may potentially fight; the leader weighs the result of his analysis of terrain and weather against the higher headquarters situation template. How can the enemy use each avenue of approach? Civil considerations are important when conducting operations against terrorist or insurgent forces in urban areas. A-124. The leader goes past observing to application.
AGADAP Example Walk-through Part 2: COA Sketch - YouTube War gaming is a critical step in the planning process and should be allocated more time than the other steps. Template events and analyze them for their political, economic, psychological, environmental, and legal implications. Other events, such as disasters and those precipitated by military forces, stress and affect the attitudes and activities of the populace and include a moral responsibility to protect displaced civilians. 1 / 38. MS200 Video lecture about Course of Action (COA) Sketch and Concept Statement The views expressed are those of the speaker and do not reflect the official policy or po MDMP: Course of Action.
A-45. The five military aspects of weather are visibility; winds; precipitation; cloud cover; and temperature and humidity. Analyzing the unit's current location in relation to future
The leader must identify risks based on the results of his mission analysis. The leader then determines the tactical mission tasks for the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. A-109. The relative-force ratio is a correlation of friendly combat power and. A-68. Tactical considerations in analyzing key terrain. Using the targeting methodology of D3A (decide, detect, deliver, and assess) may prove useful in determining whether a leader or influencer would best facilitate an operation, when to engage them, and what to expect. This understanding makes it possible to exercise disciplined initiative. The commander also issues planning guidance to the staff, such as time limitations or a change in commander's intent. After developing the COA, the leader analyzes it to determine its strengths and weaknesses, visualizes the flow of the battle, identifies the conditions or requirements necessary to enhance synchronization, and gains insights into actions at the decisive point of the mission.
Cabanatuan Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines b. Analysis of civil considerations answers three critical questions, A-90.
Assess capabilities in terms of those required to save, sustain, or enhance life, in that order. How does the operation affect the civilians? Finally, given the scale with which the leader often develops his situation template, on a 1:50,000 maps, the situation template should be transferred to a graphic depiction of terrain for briefing purposes, as the situation allows. Evaluation of weather in support of these operations requires information on the wind at the surface as well as at varying altitudes. For armored forces, steep slopes, densely spaced obstacles, and absence of a developed road system characterize severely restricted terrain. What is the location of current and probable enemy positions? The reason units are arrayed as shown on the sketch. Where (the objective or location stated in company OPORD), and. This is extremely important in understanding when and where to commit combat power, what relationships can be reinforced with certain groups versus what relationships need to start or cease, and ultimately what second and third order effects our actions will have in the area of operation. COA Statement and Sketch Pajota's Guerillas' mission is to block off a mile of road through the use of road blocks on both sides of the highway bridge cross over Cabu Creek of an estimated 300 yards northeast from compound. Terrain is important for friendly observation, both for commanding and controlling and for calling for fire? Are clear observation and fields of fire available on or near the objective for enemy observers and weapon systems? Assign Responsibilities
Analysis of troops follows the same logic as analyzing the enemy by identifying capabilities, vulnerabilities and strengths. Biographical Sketch. Sustainment Mission Command Threat COA's - Sketch PLT Concept (i.e. A-64. factors of the overall operations. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which leader has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. The consequences of tactical risk take two major forms: A-105. First, leaders consider TTP from doctrine, unit SOPs, history, or other resources to determine if a solution to a similar tactical problem exists already. This product is similar to the MCOO in it shows the critical military aspects of terrain. Mission analysis has no time standard. He seeks to calculate the time and manner in which his force (and enemy) can maximize the effects of maneuver, firepower, protection, leadership, and information in relation to the specific terrain, disposition, and composition of each force. Little effort is needed to enhance mobility, but units might have to zigzag or make frequent detours. These significant deductions drive the planning process and execution of operations. Winds of sufficient speed can reduce the combat effectiveness of a force downwind as the result of blowing dust, obscurants, sand, or precipitation. How can I use each avenue of approach to support my movement and maneuver? Feasible. Form of maneuver or type of defensive mission. A-62. At company level and below, leaders develop a graphic terrain analysis overlay. Defining other influential organizations or groups of influence allows for information collection. Higher headquarters provides the leader with civil considerations affecting the next echelons mission. A-69. The first example, which describes the process in detail, is a continuation of the exercise design .
COA Statement and Sketch - BestAcademicExperts.com He applies the results to the friendly and enemy COA he develops. Key Term coa statement and sketch example; Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. EEFI are the critical aspects of a friendly operation if known by the enemy, that subsequently would compromise or lead to failure of the operation.
COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet Seize, destroy, and neutralize are examples of tasks associated with an offensive operation. 2. Recommended enemy situation template items. A-104. A-67. The leader must avoid unnecessary complicated mission command structures and maintain unit integrity where feasible. A-76. Doctrinal Analysis (How Enemy Will Fight)
I expressed my concern and some uneasiness about the situation because our crews had been caught in dust before and knew the consequences. They decide where their forces can deploy into attack formations that facilitate the initial contact and still provide freedom of action for the bulk of their forces. For example, in the conduct of attacks, leaders might prioritize the areas immediately around their objective for analysis, followed by the platoons specific axis leading to the objective. Leaders study their task organization to determine the number, type, capabilities, and condition of available friendly troops and other support.