impact of social media on mental health during covid 19 impact of social media on mental health during covid 19

Impact of Social Media Use on Mental Health within Adolescent and Student Populations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Review. 2003;327(7414):55760. Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. However, the increased use of social media during the pandemic wasn't completely without faults. Int JMent Health Addict. In this Special Feature, Medical News Today looks at what research says about social media use and the COVID-19 pandemic to reveal how it has affected mental health. More exposure to disaster news via social media was associated with greater depression for participants with high (but not low) levels of the disaster stressor. Lancet Psychiatry. J Med Internet Res. Stress and depressive symptoms in university students in Hong Kong under the pandemic: Moderating effect of positive psychological attributes. The pooled effect size of this meta-analysis was mainly presented in an odds ratio (Fig. 2011;37(3):23344. Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults: a meta-analysis of 14 cross-sectional studies, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13409-0, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/metafor/metafor.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Despite these limitations, this study exhibits a number of strengths; to the best of our knowledge, the study is the first meta-analysis to examine the relationship between use of social media and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, to validate the results by various verification methods such as trim-and-fill methods, influential analysis, and heterogeneity analysis. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Marino C, Gini G, Vieno A, i Spada, M. A comprehensive meta-analysis on problematic Facebook use. The outcomes of included studies were anxiety, and depression. It can also be an effective platform to relay information quickly during a national or worldwide crisis. In addition, all results of the Egger test were statistically insignificant, indicating improbable publication bias. While social media in digital platforms does help to promote social inclusion among adolescents and young adults, the risk associated with their excessive or problematic use cannot be overlooked [12]. California Privacy Statement, Before , Lin, C.Y. 2021 Aug;67(5):576-586. doi: 10.1177/0020764020944200. Comput Hum Behav. According to a Pew Research Center survey conducted between August 31 and September 7, 2020, about 53% of adults in the U.S. get their news from social media. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many countries worldwide into a nationwide lockdown. Harrer M, Cuijpers P, Furukawa TA, Ebert DD. Possible causes of heterogeneity among study results were explored by statistical methods such as influential analysis, the Baujat plot, leave-one-out analysis, and Graphic Display of Heterogeneity analysis [18]. Here are a few that we have noted: As we spend more time at home, our overall use of technology has increased. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! OR Instagram/exp) for Embase; (3) (COVID-19 OR corona) AND (mental health OR depress* OR anxiety) AND (social media OR Instagram OR Facebook OR twitter) for Cochrane Library. Would you like email updates of new search results? Reports of death, illness, grief, unemployment, loss of businesses, food insecurity, evictions, and homelessness are constant reminders of the pandemic-related devastation that currently grips our nation. Article Still, there is ongoing debate on whether social media content regulation may increase mistrust and promote more social media posts reflecting inaccurate information. The analysis demonstrated that the excessive time spent on social media platform was associated with a greater likelihood of having symptoms of anxiety and depression. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety (CDA) was 48.3% (95%CI: 46.9%-49.7%), 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) and 19.4% (95%CI: 18.3%-20.6%) during COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. 2018;83(1):26277. volume22, Articlenumber:995 (2022) Because the COVID-19 pandemic emerged recently, scientists are only beginning to understand the role of social media on users mental health. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Research published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research suggests that psychosocial expressions have significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Educ Health Promot. PubMed The user ethnography profile was Generation Z (born in the 1990s), female (81.2%), Instagrammer (60.3%), unmarried (56.9%) and student (42.9%). Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Fear and stigma: the epidemic within the SARS outbreak. Research published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research suggests that psychosocial expressions have significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of people across the globe. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Data analyses included a random-effect model and an assessment of inter-study heterogeneity. Epub 2020 Jul 29. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, social media also helped with loneliness, as it acted as a medium for contact and kept students entertained during this isolating time. 2022 May 3;17(5):e0267555. CAS Morahan-Martin J, Schumacher P. Loneliness and social uses of the internet. Passion, exercise, and meaningful relationships are a boon to brain health. He noted that this exposure will also include the overwhelming reality of worldwide events as they are happening. Brief exposure to social media during the COVID-19 pandemic: Doom-scrolling has negative emotional consequences, but kindness-scrolling does not Kathryn Buchanan, Lara B. Aknin, Shaaba Lotun, Gillian M. Sandstrom x Published: October 13, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257728 Article Authors Metrics Comments Media Coverage Peer Review This Special Feature looks at the emerging phenomenon of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and offers some tips on coping with it. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. Google Scholar. Anxiety and depression measured by using screening tools with cut-offs presented results in odds ratios (see Supplementary Material 1). In this feature, we offer our top tips for self-care during uncertain times. As it has grown, more people have started using it as a news source. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2014;3(3):13348. The results were similar to the overall outcome (anxiety: OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.211.96; depression: OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.692.90). A compulsive need to know. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, More from Carlin Barnes, MD and Marketa Wills, MD, MBA. As expected, results from regression analyses indicated that a higher level of social media use was associated with worse mental health. RoBANS applies to cross-sectional studies and comprises six items: participant selection, confounding, exposure measurement, blinding of outcome assessments, missing outcomes, and selective reporting of outcomes. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. Alongside the increased desire for metrics such as likes and comments in these challenging times, its likely that social media has exacerbated mental health challenges.. COVID-19; College students; Literature review; Mental health; Pandemic; Social media. The extracted information is as follows: country of study, participant group sampled, age group of sample, date of data collection, mental health measures, effect size information, social media use time, and whether the adjustment was made for each analysis (see Supplementary Material 1). In a recent paper, researchers reviewed studies linking exercise, relationships, and passion to brain health. Study data were extracted by two independent researchers (YRL and YJJ). Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Is social media partly to blame? Why Do Women Remember More Dreams Than Men Do? Conceptualization: YRL, SJJ. Lastly, some of the analysis showed a relatively high inter-study heterogeneity (range: I2=0.0080.53%). In addition, excessive exposure to disaster on social media may trigger negative affect, which may in turn contribute to mental health problems. COVID-19; disaster stressor; mental health; negative affect; social media use. Marino C, Gini G, Vieno A, Spada MM. Analyzing an Emerging Pandemic on Twitter: Monkeypox. As Prof. Hayes mentioned, these opportunities may include a heightened awareness of mental health and reduced stigma surrounding mental health conditions. Social media elements, ecologies, and effects. 2). Lee, Y., Jeon, Y.J., Kang, S. et al. Second, the results do not represent the general population since most of the studies recruited participants through a web-based survey, which may have had a selection bias. | sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Kramer AD, Guillory JE, Hancock JT. Data show that around 20% of children and adolescents worldwide live with a mental health condition. All of this screen time greatly increases our overall exposure to a type of light referred to as blue light. A research report published in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that there is an association between pandemic threats and extensive anxiety and concern among the public. But despite the positive benefits of social media, evidence has shown that there can be harmful consequences of over-use. Table 1 shows the result of the meta-analysis about the relationship between time spent on social media and mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depression) of the selected cross-sectional studies. Or has it had the opposite effect? We conducted a longitudinal survey to examine the temporal patterns of owner-pet relationship, stress, and loneliness during four phases of the pandemic: 1) pre-pandemic (February 2020), 2) lockdown (April to June 2020), 3) reopening (September to December 2020), and 4 . During the COVID-19 pandemic, both social media use and rates of anxiety and depression among college students have increased significantly. Sun Jae Jung. With the rapid information spread along came the various public misconceptions and misinformation which consequently influenced perceptions and behaviors of the public . After applying the trim-and-fill method, the funnel plot revealed no asymmetry (Supplementary Material 5), indicating no significant publication bias. [3] [4] According to the UN health agency WHO, in the first year of the . International Journal of Stress Management, 19(2), 132150. 2017;2017:8652524. Kattula D, Singh Balhara YP, Chukkali S, Singh S, Bhargava R, Ganesh R. Psychiatr Danub. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. anxiety & depression) in cross-sectional studies. Research has shown that people in a videoconference who spent more time looking at themselves had more negative moods after the interaction. Results: 2018;226:27481. Saha S, Scott J, Varghese D, McGrath J. Anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with delusional-like experiences: a replication study based on a National Survey of mental health and wellbeing. COVID-19 has limited in-person social interactions, but people are connecting online more than ever for example social media engagement increased 61 percent during the first wave of the pandemic. Anxiety disorders are common conditions affecting nearly 20% of U.S. adults annually. Recent findings: Disclaimer. Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. National Library of Medicine Social media use has been on the rise since its debut in 1995. While we are all impacted in differing ways by social media consumption, the continual flow of negative and misinformation during the past 18 months have spread fear; the highlighting of social and political issues has reduced optimism; and edited photos and toxically positive content leave no space to feel secure or express negative emotions healthily. Sometimes we end up alone without wanting to be. Alcohol and Zoom: A Recipe for Depression. influential analysis, Baujat plot, leave-one-out analysis, and GOSH analysis) were summarised in Supplementary Material 6 and 7. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Also, implementation of social distancing mandates new norms limiting physical conducts in almost all sectors of life, including educational institutes and vocational venue. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 2020;27(3):taaa031. Biometrics. Another 95 studies were excluded finally due to inconsistent study estimates. Publication date restrictions are from March 2020 to December 20, 2020. The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19 JMIR Form Res. The COVID-19 pandemic-related social restrictions forced many people to change how they communicate. Adolescent Res Rev. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help However, the information shared on these platforms can sometimes be inaccurate or misleading. Many old and new platforms became the primary means to stay current with accurate news and health information, connect to loved ones, participate in viral challenges, and stay on top of celebrity gossip. Funding acquisition: SJJ. Students are at risk? The degree of heterogeneity was categorised as low, moderate, or high with threshold values of 25, 50, and 75%, respectively [17]. Prior studies have found mixed results regarding the relationship between social media use and college student mental health. An increased time spent on social . Feelings of anxiety, depression, increased irritability, and excessive worry are likely consequences of being exposed (or overexposed) to this information. [continuous]. The measurement of exposure was expressed in different wordings as follows: Less vs. Frequently, Less vs. Often, less than 1 hour vs. 2 hours or more, or less than 3 hours vs. 3 hours or more. To calculate the overall effect, these individually measured exposure levels were operationally redefined (e.g., Less and Few were considered the same as less than 2 hours; less than 1 hour, Frequently, and Often were treated the same as 2 hours or more and 3 hours or more). For sensitivity analysis, the results of analysis including only the High quality studies after quality assessment were similar to those of the overall study with low heterogeneity (anxiety: pooled OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.211.96, I2=0.00%; depression: pooled OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.692.90, I2=0.00%). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. Informed by the differential susceptibility to media effects model (DSMM), the current study aims to investigate associations of COVID-19-related social media use with mental health outcomes and to uncover potential mechanisms underlying the links. However, in some people, anxiety can become overwhelming and cause harm. Mental Health Awareness month was established in 1949 by the national advocacy organization Mental Health America. Contradictory claims regarding the effect of social media use on mental health needs to be resolved. and transmitted securely. They found reasonable evidence that all. This health misinformation may lead to an increase in fear, anxiety, and poor health choices. In this Special Feature, we look at the phenomenon of decision fatigue, how it has evolved during the pandemic, and how to address it. A meta-analysis of 23 studies (2018) reported significant correlation between social media use and psychological distress [23]. Proc Natl Acad Sci. How COVID-19 Can Impact Mental Health If you get COVID-19, you may experience a number of symptoms related to brain and mental health, including: Cognitive and attention deficits (brain fog) Anxiety and depression Psychosis Seizures Suicidal behavior Plenty of us became more anxious; but for some COVID-19 has sparked or amplified much more serious mental health problems. Researchers know the connection between the mind and the gut can turn anxiety and depression into nausea . J Health Psychol. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to solve the contradictory effects of social media platform on anxiety and depression based on studies reporting an association between the use of social media and mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depression) on the pandemic setting. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Keywords: Various variables amongst different . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Our new report, Coping with COVID-19: How Young People Use Digital Media to Manage Their Mental Health (ISSN: 2767-0163), reveals that depression rates have increased significantly since 2018, especially among teens and young adults who have had coronavirus infections in their homes. Psychiatry Research Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 2020;291:113190. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190. When the COVID-19 pandemic began, U.S. college students reported increased anxiety and depression. All included studies were cross-sectional studies. Res Synth Methods. Formal analysis: YRL, SJJ. We found that excessive or problematic social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with worse mental health outcomes that could be mitigated by dialectical thinking, optimism, mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisal. Benefits for neurotransmitters, inflammation, and more. eCollection 2022. Writing original draft: YRL, YJJ, SHK, SJJ. An official website of the United States government. This feature series aims to empower readers to take control of their mental and emotional health. Pandemic impact on mental health: A global overview, COVID-19 decision fatigue: Expert tips on how to cope, Alone, not lonely: How to make the most out of involuntary 'me time', 5 top tips for self-care in a pandemic-exhausted world. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13468. 2020 Nov 13;29:e181. Did the COVID-19 pandemic lead to changes in our personality traits? GOSHa graphical display of study heterogeneity. Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. An official website of the United States government. Ma Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Chen D, Wang T, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Yu Q, Jiang J, Fan F, Liu X. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci.