Revolutions Podcast by Mike Duncan - S4: Haitian Revolution - Episode 9 Khwarezmid 3.94K subscribers Subscribe 7.2K views 4 years ago Link (s) to the episode (s):.
The exiles causing the most alarm were the African slaves who came with their refugee owners. Browse the 18th Century era within the In Our Time archive. In 1791 an uprising began in the French colonial territory of St Domingue. [92] In June 1799, Rigaud initiated the War of Knives against Toussaint's rule, sending a brutal offensive at Petit-Gove and Grand-Gove. Then, under pressure, they gradually emancipated all the slaves of the colony.
Revolutions - Listen to All Episodes | History | TuneIn In the summer of 1803, when war broke out between the United Kingdom and the French Consulate, Saint-Domingue had been almost completely overrun by Haitian forces under the command of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. More. Napoleon reversed the French abolition of slavery in law, constitution, and practice, which had occurred between 1793 and 1801, and reinstated slavery in the French colonies in 18011803which lasted until 1848. The country was damaged from years of war, its agriculture devastated, its formal commerce nonexistent. Main They werent very organized, and they werent very well equipped. [63] The British historian Sir John Fortescue wrote, "It is probably beneath the mark to say that twelve thousand Englishmen were buried in the West Indies in 1794". The constitution of 1793 never went into effect, but that of 1795 did; it lasted until it was replaced by the consular and imperial constitutions under Napoleon Bonaparte. By August 1793, there were only 3,500 French soldiers on the island. [20], The majority of the slaves were Yoruba from what is now modern Nigeria, Fon from what is now Benin, and Kongo from the Kingdom of Kongo in what is now modern northern Angola and the western Congo. [37] Robin Pierson's podcast The History of Byzantium was explicitly modelled after The History of Rome in style, length and quality and was intended by Pierson to act as a sort of sequel to it. Although the series of events during these years is known under the name of "Haitian Revolution", alternative views suggest that the entire affair was an assorted number of coincidental conflicts that ended with a fragile truce between free men of color and blacks. Prominent wealthy American slave owners, reading about the revolution, also read speculation about what might come in their own states. [80] He was optimistically given the title "Governor of St Domingue", and among his British forces were Jamaican "Black Shot" militias. Dessalines had specifically stated that France is "the real enemy of the new nation." 35 min playlist_add Dec 4, 2022 Appendix 10- The. [71] The Haitians soon expelled the Spanish from Saint-Domingue.
Revolutions Podcast by Mike Duncan - S4: Haitian Revolution - YouTube The French had built a deep defensive ditch with palisades and Forbes had neglected to bring along heavy artillery. Tour dates and links: Sept. 6 Madison -- Mystery to Me Sept. 7 Chicago -- Seminary Co-Op Sept. 8 Portland -- Powell's Books Sept. 9 Seattle -- Elliott Bay Book Company Sept. 12 Boulder -- Boulder Book . [63] Rigaud failed in attempt to retake Port-au-Prince, but on Christmas Day 1794, he stormed and retook Tiburon in a surprise attack. Revolutions Podcast by Mike Duncan - S4: Haitian Revolution - Episode 19 7,324 views Jun 20, 2018 83 Dislike Share Khwarezmid 3.67K subscribers Link (s) to the episode (s):. However, the social conflict cultivated under slavery continued to affect the population for years to come. David Geggus asks: "How much of a difference did it make?" However, Toussaint sent a message to Balcarres, warning him that if he persisted, to remember that Jamaica was not far from St Domingue, and could be invaded. In this kind of situation, the last priority for food distribution is the slaves, and as a result, there was a large population of slaves that was not well-fed and mistreated. The indemnity bankrupted the Haitian treasury and left the country's government deeply impoverished, causing long-term instability.
4.01- Saint-Domingue - Revolutions I always keep a map open while listening to your podcasts anyways, so having one specifically annotated for what you're going over is a great help. This slave rebellion was put down and the punishment the slaves received was so severe that no contemporary news reports about it exist. The existence of slavery in Enlightened society was an incongruity that had been left unaddressed by European scholars prior to the French Revolution. What is the Significance of the Haitian Revolution? On 20 September 1793, about 600 British soldiers from Jamaica landed at Jrmie to be greeted with shouts of, "Vivent les Anglais!" Two representatives went to France to try to demand these rights, and when they came back to Haiti, they were beaten to death in the town square. Over seven years and more than 300 episodes of Duncan's gripping and well-researched Revolutions podcast, he has seen off many crowned heads and erstwhile revolutionary leaders. To select and de-select layers click that little white box in the upper-left. [114] In November, Leclerc died of yellow fever, like much of his army. Except they say the Zapatistas "surrendered" in the end when, at least according to the podcast, they got 90% of their economic demands satisfied, plus official military positions - not jails or ropes. Theyre about family dynamics and family politics. There was a growing population of affranchis, which were freed blacks or freed slaves, and then what were called gens de couleur, or people of color. Trevor | This map will be handy. He was a former slave; he had been a coachman for the manager of a plantation. 6.03- Help Yourself And Heaven Will Help You | Once the French got control of Haiti [St-Domingue], what was life like in the colony? Historical themes, events and key individuals from Akhenaten to Xenophon. You can follow this conversation by subscribing to the comment feed for this post. [Update: I also now realize you can't get the street view guy on this map but you should still go drop in on Place Joachim du Bellay to get an idea of what this all looked like. To realise this goal, Dessalines adopted the economic organisation of serfdom. [106], On 25 April 1802, the situation suddenly changed when Christophe defected, along with much of the Haitian Army, to the French. The series covered the English Civil War, the American Revolution, the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, Simon Bolivar and Gran Colombia, the July Revolution, the Revolutions of 1848, the Paris Commune, the Mexican Revolution, and finally the Russian Revolution, ending its run of narrative episodes in July 2022. The economy was based on small multi-crop ventures. Then they would come back to Haiti and own plantations and slaves of their own. Posted by: [107] Under the terms of surrender, Leclerc gave his solemn word that slavery would not be restored in Saint-Domingue, that blacks could be officers in the French Army, and that the Haitian Army would be allowed to integrate into the French Army. [83] On 10 May 1798, Maitland met with Toussaint to agree to an armistice, and on 18 May the British left Port-au-Prince. In February 1797, General John Graves Simcoe arrived to replace Forbes with orders to pull back the British forces to Port-au-Prince. Throughout the countryside, guerrilla warfare continued and the French staged mass executions via firing squads, hanging, and drowning Haitians in bags. [93] Though Toussaint maintained he was still loyal to France, to all intents and purposes, he ruled Saint Domingue as its dictator. [78] The fleet for the "great push" left Portsmouth on 16 November 1795 and was wrecked by a storm, before sending out again on 9 December. [135] In the 1805 constitution that declared all its citizens as black,[136] it specifically mentions the naturalizations of German and Polish peoples enacted by the government, as being exempt from Article XII that prohibited whites ("non-Haitians;" foreigners) from owning land. The Haitian Revolution, which took place between 1791-1804, is significant because Haiti is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force. 03 April 2017 at 10:09 AM. A Senator or the Haitian People? The gens de couleur looked like the grand blancs, they dressed like them, and for the most part they lived like them, but there were still restrictions on the work they could do, and even on the way that they could dress.The gens de couleur had a pretty good life, but they still wanted the rights and privileges of their planter parents. "Reign of Terror: 17931794." He lost interest in commanding his army and as James wrote, he "amused himself with sexual pleasures, military balls, banquets and the amassing of a personal fortune".[114]. In a Wall Street Journal article Johnson states: "The stories have a lot of similarities. Bear in mind that the soil bathed with our sweat must not furnish our enemies with the smallest sustenance. S2 Ep 5: Nouveaux Dsordres Coloniaux. King Louis issued the Code Noir in 1685 to regulate slavery and punishment, but it was never really followed in the colony. Despite racial tensions in Saint-Domingue, the French revolutionary government at the time welcomed abolition with a show of idealism and optimism. [13] The commodity crops were traded for European goods. Beginning during the slave insurrections of 1791, white refugees from Saint-Domingue fled to the United States, particularly to Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, and Charleston. This kept their culture more African and separate from other people on the island. A ragtag force of slaves managed to unify Haiti, defeat Europes most powerful army and become the first country in Latin America to gain independence, second only to the United States in the Americas as a whole. The Haitian Revolution, which took place between 1791-1804, is significant because Haiti is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force, and marks the only successful slave revolt in modern times.
The Mexican Revolution - Every 5 Days. If anyone Is looking - Reddit [14] They used the threat and acts of physical violence to maintain control and suppress efforts at rebellion. [24][115], His successor, the Vicomte de Rochambeau, fought an even more brutal campaign. [46] Within the next ten days, slaves had taken control of the entire Northern Province in an unprecedented slave revolt. What was the spark that finally lit the fire? [82] Abercromby predicted that at the current rate of yellow fever infection, all of the men from the two regiments were dead by November. In the end, Toussaint essentially restored control of Saint-Domingue to France. [105] While Toussaint took to the field, he left Dessalines in command of Crte--Pierrot, who from his fastness could see three French columns converging on the fort. Anti-abolitionist critics of the revolution dubbed it "the horrors of Santo Domingo". And you mentioned pirates 6y See more of Revolutions on Facebook Log In or Create new account This added to the tense climate between slaves and grands blancs. [72] After arriving in the West Indies in February 1794, Grey chose to conquer Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Guadeloupe. '"[26], The book received widespread praise, with many reviewers noting how the events described in the book portend to modern times. However, much like his predecessors, this was achieved through forced labor which ultimately led to his downfall. The French arrived on 2 February 1802 at Le Cap with the Haitian commander Henri Christophe being ordered by Leclerc to turn over the city to the French.
S2 Ep 5: Nouveaux Dsordres Coloniaux by Dcolonisations - Hati Many plantations had large concentrations of slaves from a particular region of Africa, and it was therefore somewhat easier for these groups to maintain elements of their culture, religion, and language. The 1804 massacre was carried out against the remaining white population of French colonists[128] and loyalists,[129] both enemies and traitors of the revolution,[130] by the black population of Haiti on the order of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who declared the French as barbarians, demanding their expulsion and vengeance for their crimes. [86] On 31 August, Maitland and Toussaint signed an agreement whereby in exchange for the British pulling out of all of Saint-Domingue, Toussaint promised to not support any slave revolts in Jamaica. Dessalines won a string of victories against Leclerc and Rochambeau, becoming arguably the most successful military commander in the struggle against Napoleonic France.[118]. [106] Despite Bonaparte's attempt to keep his intention to restore slavery a secret, it was widely believed by both sides that was why the French had returned to Haiti, as a sugar plantation could only be profitable with slave labour. Revolutions Podcast by Mike Duncan - S4: Haitian Revolution - Episode 1 Khwarezmid 3.87K subscribers Subscribe 19K views 4 years ago Link (s) to the episode (s):. As you mentioned at the beginning of the episode, the Haitian revolution is considered the only successful slave revolt in modern times, so we know that the slaves were able to gain the upper hand. In parallel to the killings, plundering and rape also occurred. Tear up the roads with shot; throw corpses and horses into all the foundations, burn and annihilate everything in order that those who have come to reduce us to slavery may have before their eyes the image of the hell which they deserve". Blacks outnumbered whites fifteen times over. Many were children of white planters and enslaved mothers, or free women of color. Du Bois said that the Haitian Revolution was an economic pressure without which the British parliament would not have accepted abolitionism as readily. The Haitian Revolution brought about two unintended consequences: the creation of a continental America and the virtual end of Napoleonic rule in the Americas.[157]. There were many written discussions about the events in Haiti during the revolution in both France and England, however, they were generally written by anonymous authors. So they just took the Spanish pronunciation and used it with a French accent.
Revolutions (podcast) - Mike Duncan | Listen Notes Mike Duncan is believed to have coined the phrase "the entropy of victory" to describe the recurring division that occurs following a successful revolt, or coup d'tat, among the victors. The period of violence during the French Revolution is known as the Reign of Terror. I learned about History of Rome about a year ago, and I got caught up just as we finished the French Revolution. Historians consider the Haitian Revolution to be the most successful slave rebellion in the Western world, its impact felt across the Americas. In 1787 alone, the French imported about 20,000 slaves from Africa into Saint-Domingue, while the British imported about 38,000 slaves total to all of their Caribbean colonies. In April 1791, a massive black insurgency in the north of the island rose violently against the plantation system, setting a precedent of resistance to racial slavery. Troops under the command of John Whyte did not arrive in Saint-Domingue until 19 May 1794. [107], The rebels finally managed to decisively defeat the French troops at the Battle of Vertires on 18 November 1803, leading the first-ever group of slaves to successfully create an independent state through a slave revolt. Taking no prisoners, Rigaud's predominantly mulatto forces put blacks and whites to the sword. [16] The slaves developed their own religion, a syncretic mixture of Catholicism and West African religions known as Vodou, usually called "voodoo" in English. They didnt ration food like they were supposed to. Site includes teaching tools and resources.
Revolutions: December 2015 Benjamin Wittes, after hearing the first two episodes of Revolutions, called the podcast "informative, engaging, told in Duncan's usual easygoing, somewhat comic style that packs a lot of history into relatively brief discussions". The Haitian Revolution was a revolution ignited from below, by the underrepresented majority of the population. In 1807, Haiti was divided into two parts, the Republic of Haiti in the south, and the Kingdom of Haiti in the north. The name of the Spanish side, Santo Domingo, would be literally translated as "Holy Sunday" and in French it would be "Saint Dimanche". [79] Forbes's attempt to take the French-held city of Logne ended in disaster. [13] However, the Haitian Revolution quickly became a test of the new French republic, as it radicalized the slavery question and forced French leaders to recognize the full meaning of their stated ideology. Accessed 26 March 2015. It covers the English revolution, the American revolution, the French revolution, the Haitian revolution, the Spanish-American Wars of Independence, The July Revolution (1830 France),the Revolution of 1848, The Paris Commune, the Mexican revolution, and Russian Revolution (both 1905 and 1917). Led by charismatic leaders such as Toussaint Louverture it was the only example of a successful slave revolution and the state that was founded was one free of slavery. [14] The livelihood of 1 million of the approximately 25 million people who lived in France in 1789 depended directly upon the agricultural imports from Saint-Domingue, and several million indirectly depended upon trade from the colony to maintain their standard of living. Some had identified more with the French colonists than the slaves.
Revolutions (Podcast) - TV Tropes The Most Important Revolutions That Shaped World History [18] The introduction to each episode is a clip from the second movement of Joseph Haydn's Symphony 92 (Oxford).[19]. [106] The final French column to arrive was the one commanded by Rochambeau, who brought along heavy artillery that knocked out the Haitian artillery, though his attempt to storm the ditch also ended in failure with about 300 of his men killed. Everyonequite rightlylived in terror of everyone else. [97][98] There has been considerable debate over whether the number of deaths caused by disease was exaggerated. "So much was done in Haiti because of him. Map roughly showing Haiti and The Cordon of the West. [13] Many freedmen were also artisans and overseers, or domestic servants in the plantation houses.
BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, The Haitian Revolution [164] The Enlightenment ideals and the initiation of the French Revolution were enough to inspire the Haitian Revolution, which evolved into the most successful and comprehensive slave rebellion in history. Great start and overview. "[9], Duncan began The History of Rome in 2007, after failing to find any good podcasts about ancient history. In addition, he exhibited a connection to Enlightenment scholars through the style, language, and accent[further explanation needed] What is the "accent" of a text?
Around that time, colonial legislations, concerned with this growing and strengthening population, passed discriminatory laws that required these freedmen to wear distinctive clothing and limited where they could live. Accessed 26 March 2015. Matthias Middell, Megan Maruschke, The French Revolution as a Moment of Respatialization (2019), p. 71. [38], Saint-Domingue's free people of color, most notably Julien Raimond, had been actively appealing to France for full civil equality with whites since the 1780s. [55] A new governor sent by Paris, Lger-Flicit Sonthonax, abolished slavery in the Northern Province and had hostile relations with the planters, whom he saw as royalists. [147] In the opposing camp, African American historian W. E. B. 03 April 2017 at 06:45 AM. Apart from granting rights to free people of color, the Assembly dispatched 6,000 French soldiers to the island. So they just took the Spanish pronunciation and used it with a French accent. In addition, the French employed cruel punishment techniques. The French colony of Saint-Domingue was the single most lucrative colony in the New World. Mulatto domination of politics and economics, and urban life after the revolution, created a different kind of two-caste society, as most Haitians were rural subsistence farmers. (Real Audiencia of Panama, New Spain, suppressed), (British Province of New York, suppressed), (British Chesapeake Colonies, suppressed), (British Province of South Carolina, suppressed), (off the Southern U.S. coast, victorious), Guillaume Raynal attacked slavery in the 1780 edition of his history of European colonization. Posted by: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The largest sugar plantations and concentrations of slaves were in the north of the islands, and whites lived in fear of slave rebellion. The colony of Saint-Domingue also had extensive coffee, cocoa, and indigo plantations, but these were smaller and less profitable than the sugar plantations. [2] Despite studying political science in college, Duncan spent much of his free time studying ancient Greek and Latin texts. The poor whites couldn't stand the rich whites, the rich whites despised the poor whites, the middle-class whites were jealous of the aristocratic whites, the whites born in France looked down upon the locally born whites, mulattoes envied the whites, despised the blacks and were despised by the whites; free Negroes brutalized those who were still slaves, Haitian born blacks regarded those from Africa as savages. No one would eat fish from the bay for months afterward, as no one wished to eat the fish that had eaten human flesh. Haiti: Our Revolution Continues. With Napoleon's inability to send the requested massive reinforcements after the outbreak of war on 18 May 1803 with the British, the Royal Navy immediately despatched a squadron under Sir John Duckworth from Jamaica to cruise in the region, seeking to eliminate communication between the French outposts and to capture or destroy the French warships based in the colony. Only the less robustthe newly arrived Africans, women in their seventh or eighth month of pregnancy, or nursing infants, and childrengot the lighter jobs. Everyone else was working the land from five a.m. until well after dark, with working hours even longer during harvest times.