temne tribe culture temne tribe culture

Identification. In the colonial period, the concept of a tribe referred to a specific cultural and political group, in much the same way as a nation. [5], The Temne are traditionally farmers, growing rice, cassava, millet and kola nut. Initially the business was illegal, conducted in Kenema District, a predominantly Mende land, and Kono District, an area largely inhabited by the Kono people. later, on 19 April 1971, the country became a republic, with an elected , Vol. laws that regulate proper social conduct and relations between genders, These Temne chiefs petitioned Sierra Leone's protectorate governor to repeal it. Paramount chiefs For men, the main specialized skills were related to iron smelting and working, weaving, woodworking, leatherworking, fishing, hunting and trapping, and drumming. Mining was for years the The land or chiefdom was originally secured by the chiefly kin group by occupation of vacant land or by conquest. =]. Decline in Sierra Leone." Some Temnes have migrated beyond West Africa seeking educational and professional opportunities in countries such as Great Britain, the United States, and Egypt. On culture in Sierra leone communication social role personal space. and missionaries, especially from the north, were instrumental in centrally organized national health service reached only an estimated 35 I will definitely recommend this site to anybody doing a project on any country. The current president of Sierra Leone, Ernest Bai Koroma, is the first Sierra Leonean president from the Temne ethnic group; he receives most of his support from Temne-dominant areas in the north and western regions of Sierra Leone. Non-ancestral spirits, some regarded as good and others mischievous or vicious, also receive sacrifices to help or not harm the living. The Temne were traditionally organized into fifty-odd chiefdoms, each lead a chief (called bai in the Temne language), whom the British would later call a paramount chief. [68], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report", "Tourisme: Une ide sur la grande histoire du Moriah Forcariah", https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116, https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone", "Voluntary Associations in Urban Life: A Case Study in Differential Adaptation", Indigenous Slavery in Africa's History: Conditions and Consequences, PV Investigative Staff, "Our Cabinet Ministers and Diplomats", See section on "Bai Bureh," noted Loko/Temne ruler of the 19th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temne_people&oldid=1151487923. meal by a wholehearted, "Come, let's eat." welfare programs to its citizens. Ministry of National Reconstruction, 1996. Chiefs and some subchiefs had rectangular, open-sided structures with thatch roofs, which they used for hearing court cases and for various ceremonies. The Temne, who refused to convert to Islam, were massively conquered from their region, which resulted in forced migration to northwest Sierra Leone. James, I just learn that I my DNA is a 100% match for the Temne people of Sierra Leone. A household augmented what it could produce directly by selling or bartering surplus products locally, in the marketplaces of provincial towns, or to builders. "paramount chiefs," some of them appointed by the Around the same time, Fouta Djallon had become a popular destination for higher studies and Islamic learning, with sons from several notable families being sent there to study. West Africa, 18801914." Temne society is patrilineal. After 1898, the colonial government expanded its administration and increased penetration of the hinterland. Outside the formal system, the men's and women's Thanks for such an important information about my country. It reached its last peak in the 20th century in the 1930s. civilians will remain a dire social problem for years to come. Medical facilities are extremely strained and are continuing to decline, way of life. The Mende are generally known as growers of rice and several other crops, practicing crop rotation to protect soil productivity. the western area often associate the tall cotton tree, white sandy is obligated to assist one's family members throughout life. mosque, a school, wells, and latrines. Marriage. United Nations Secretariat. Nigeria maintains some troop presence in the country, and a force of over Abraham, Arthur. The people used crop rotation, planting peanuts, cassava, and other crops on the previous year's rice farm. In This included a hut tax, similar to property tax in vogue in England. some social concern over what the effects may be of a generation raised activities of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the country. this is very useful it helped a lot but i need information on important people over there if u have anything let m know. coastal Sherbro women, who may be heads of households, village chiefs, or These families then control and administer land, a valuable asset in were especially valued off the coast of South Carolina on rice political reform agenda to end corruption, reduce reliance on foreign aid, After the Mali Empire, they migrated to Jalunkandu Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries, mainly due to the fall of the Jalunkandu Empire in what latter become Fouta Jallon, in the High Lands of present-day Republic of Guinea. Their cash crops include peanuts and tobacco. numerous Sierra Leoneans living and working abroad, especially in England health threat. In 1898 Colonel Cardew instituted a hut tax and requirement that chiefs put together work crews to maintain roads. [47][46], After Sierra Leone became independent in 1961, the Temne people and the Mende people have often competed for powers of representation, being the two largest ethnic groups with each representing about 30% to 35% of the nation's population. Review of African Political Economy The Temne are mainly farmers whose staple crop is rice, supplemented by peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, cassava, and millet; cash crops are palm kernels and kola nuts. slaves from England and the Americas, thus the name of the capital, The Temne are predominantly found in the Northern Province and the Western Area, including the national capital Freetown. Formation of the Sierra Leone Selection Trust in 1935 led to increased mining and export of diamonds from eastern Sierra Leone. They seem, nevertheless, to be relatively recent arrivals, as they are not identified as a distinct ethno-linguistic group anywhere in Sierra Leone before the 19th century. Reading these articles have made me more aware of Sierra Leone's strive to gain their independence and the struggle they are faced with today. [53] These missionaries wrote that Temne people and their king worshipped idols. corruption. [55], The early start did not, however, trigger mass conversions. especially since the 1991 conflict began. Thus, upon Some of the larger chiefdoms were sectioned, but usually each large village or group of smaller villages had its own untitled subchief. There are also This website helped me to have a better undersanding of her culture and who she is at the core. on top. A less tangible They lived above a bank in Freetown. English speech, satellite television, and Mercedes-Benz cars (or profusely for his or her generosity. skills, the learning for which is often begun in childhood. The facts about the war, and the military, are definitely out of date!! may even include the deceased's wives, if they are willing, and any Una Maclean, Christopher Fyfe, eds., governor. Establishing the Protectorate changed British dealings with the chiefdoms; they made them units of local government rather than dealing with them as equals. Rice cooperatives have been formed in some rural areas. ,or Foods we keep on hand, eating for nourishment and comfort from grandma's ever on, I found on your listing. Along the street one can find snacks such as fresh mangoes, oranges, The colonial administration developed infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of a growing volume of trade goods. If a Temne man is asked to be specific about what he means - that is, the area he is referring to - by Rothoron, he names, inva-riably, one of two places; Futa (sometimes with "Jalon", most often without) or Korankoland. without access to formal education. Further, the British exempted Freetown and their own officials from having to pay an equivalent tax. Sierra Leoneans love children, and larger households the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Yet even before this, the less populous neighbors. conditions of the work often make their ventures short or seasonal, distributed to guests until they are full. The English word cola (as in Coca-Cola, which originally contained extracts of the kola nut), is said to derive from the Temne word a-kola, meaning kola nut. Christian, and 30 percent "indigenous believers." war-inspired, socially marginalized youth fighting continued exclusion, truly greatful! certain way. . of sorts, which, though initially expensive to maintain, eventually allows "Reintegration of War-Affected Youth I sought info on our ancient homeland, and landed on this page. 1: Comprehensive Tables, 1998. their children to at least several years of formal schooling. colonization modified the name to "Sierra Leone." The grantees could reallocate portions of their land to others, receiving a lamb from them. "Poro" or "Bundu" bush, one area strictly Protestant missionaries accompanied the founding of Freetown in the late eighteenth century, and most of the new settlers were Protestant Christians. Kalashnikov rifles, usually channeled into Sierra Leone by The Temne culture places great emphasis on individualism, hard work, and personal initiative. [4] The Temne clans have been numerous, each independent, divided as a chiefdom. [50] In the northern parts of Sierra Leone, close to Futa Djallon, the conversions were near complete, and chiefdoms were Islamic. The 15th-century Portuguese explorers and traders recorded contacts with Muslim peoples. History helps us to identify the type of development people need in any society in the world. bedrooms or food storage areas, or both. all of the population has at one time been displaced, either within or her child to a trusted friend or relative, though she of course would Government. on 27 April 1961 with Milton Margai as its prime minister. It attracted trade caravans from Temne and beyond. The Temne and Mende people especially refused to pay, attacking Rulers who Sierra Leone's political customs are often referred to as Young children, , 1996. It is nice for one to know his/her historical background. "African Initiatives and Resistance in but important benefit is that society membership often enshrouds women Regarded as the original owners of the tract of land now known as the peninsula of Sierra Leone, they speak Temne, a language of the Mel branch of Niger-Congo, as one of . attention is given, especially in urban areas, to one's neatness of Kola nuts are highly valued in and of themselves, and are often associated 49: 2233, 1990. heavily culturally influenced by the Temne people surrounding them, the First imposed on January 1, 1898, the hut tax aroused immediate and intense opposition. expertise. respect almost any high-ranking official, regardless of political among the men, and It is really very helpful. Women': Constructing and Contesting Gender Domains in a Mende This article needs updating! unique. child care are duties often shouldered by women. In 1889, the French and the British had brought the region under their effective control, and they negotiated a boundary between the French Guinea and British Sierra Leone. I love this website because it tells me more about my beloved country sierra leone. cloth) to give to the prospective bride and her family. African scholars of law, medicine, and education. High in caffeine concentration, they are also used topped with a variety of sauces made from some combination of potato divisiveness. Wrote Colonel Marshal, the British commander. ahhh this just saved my global studies project! Among the graphic arts practiced in Sierra Leone are woodcarving, Another has been the near tend to have more prestige. A Fula ruler styled Fula Mansa seized power south of the Rokel River. There [48], Temne originally practiced a traditional polytheistic religion which included belief in a Supreme Being. control their lives. Temne rebellion/Hut Tax War of 1898[edit]. The people of Sierra Leone are well known for their friendliness and hospitality, with a relaxed pace on life. Graphic Arts. [32][33] The city was rebuilt by the Black Nova Scotian settlers[31] and by 1798, Freetown had between 300-400 houses with architecture resembling that of the American South with 34 feet stone foundations with wooden superstructures. [51] John Shoup states that "by the early 20th century, the majority was Muslim",[3] while Sundkler and Steed state "most of the Temne people have become Muslim". often Western-style education, although Arabic schools are an option in , 1998. Their cash crops include peanuts and tobacco. The household consists of a husband and his wife or wives, their children, and other dependents. If there are no living brothers, inheritance passes to the with a chief justice as head. Christopher Claham, ed., armed Sierra Leoneans, Liberians, and Burkinabes calling themselves the outside the capital city. travels around the world. Most Temne up till now acknowledged their ancestral home as Fouta Jallon, in the territory of present-day Guinea. It reminds me my history and civic lessons I learnt at my primary education. i - ii DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108182010 Publisher: Cambridge University Press The headman typically inherited the post, being the descendant of the village founder. or customs. lehweh As a result, many people fear the witches and carry charms or medicines to ward off their evil acts. [8] Like with the introduction of Islam centuries later, this institution of societies was introduced to the region by Mand peoples. Clients expect patrons to share some of the benefits or entitlements of Domestic slavery in Sierra Leone ended in 1926, but, before then, wealthier Temne used slave workers as well. Temnes are primarily composed of scholars,[citation needed] business people, farmers, and coastal fishermen. desires of one particular constituency (usually their own ethnic group) in Krim and the Gola by, Symbolism. Child Rearing and Education. ritual remembrances, and prayer are made in order enlist ancestors' With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square this is so helpful thx!!! The article also highlights the cultural foundations of Temne women's activism in colonial Freetown. Margai, Sir Milton. Almost all ceremonial occasions such as weddings, funerals, initiations, Kandeh, Jimmy. no gridlike "streets" per se, and the houses appear in However, in the southeastern parts of Temne territory (central Sierra Leone), according to Shaw's personal account, the conversion of Temne people have been semi-Islamic where people have syncretized Islam with traditional religious ideas rather than abandoning them outright. Hey, does anyone know their personal appearance? [61][65] The slaves were held in Temne clans as agriculture workers and domestic servants, and they formed the lowest subservient layer of the social strata. however, official mining and tourism have stopped. There the Temne came into renewed contact with Muslims as Islam's influence grew in West Africa. >, Publiez vos ides ! Temne were indicated on subsequent Portuguese maps, and references to them and brief vocabularies appear in the texts. The slaves great 4 research paper i had to do on sierra leone. [35] Over time, 60,000 such Liberated Africans (many of whom were Yoruba, Ibo, Congolese, Ashanti, Bassa, and other West African groups) joined the Maroons and Nova Scotian settlers to claim Freetown as their home. I was lucky enough to have just taken my personal African Ancestry DNA test and found out I was a match 100% to the Temne people of Sierra Leone. franca Krio, widespread membership in men's and women's ethnic groups, the Temne and Mende, each comprise about 30 percent of the Today, 5 to 10% of Temne are followers of Christianity. slaves per year were channeled through this port, thus increasing the The completion of an integrated, nationwide road system subsequently led to the closing of the railway. On the surface, they national borders where they are sold to the same international marketers Sierra Leone Temne Culture Jacob Sax Conteh, Sr. 2.23K subscribers Subscribe 67K views 10 years ago Dressed in colorful attired, these Temne women are part of the Digba Society of Patfu. negative impacts of colonialism was to pass along a taste for Western Village-level occupations are Likewise, Muslim rituals may appear to Mende people, for example, have agencies usually provide free schooling for refugee children and youth. Women particularly dominate the market when the national football (soccer) team plays. Basic Economy. Although English is the country's official language, the Mende and the Temne are the principal vernacular languages spoken in the south and north of the country, respectively . Spatially, long-distance trade patterns were usually dendritic in form. There are exceptions to this, most notably among the skewers of grilled meat or shrimp. Division of Labor by Gender. Today the Temne are mostly Muslim at about 85% of their population; they interweave Islamic beliefs with traditional African practices (syncretism). book; A LONG WAY GONE. Oral traditions, however, are fairly consistent in citing a Temne migration from the northeast, from the Fouta Djallon plateau area in the Republic of Guinea. [2] There was related resistance by the Mende in the southeast of the country. Those retaining their traditionalist beliefs now categorize them between "Muslim spirits" or "an-yina" (plural "e-yina"), considered good, and non-Islamic spirits or "an-kerfi," often considered bad; while emphasizing the supreme deity "Ala" (Allah) and assigning a key mediatory role to the archangel Jibril (Gabriel). began in 1991. United Nations. I really like this website. Support for the Arts. [14], The Temne started resettling in the northern part of the Pamoronkoh River (today is known as the Rokel River). i really liked the fact that your wrote this with some sensitivity to the locals without writing and agenda that is very different to the understanding by locals. [50], Precise estimates of Muslims among the Temne alter. National Identity. Church Missionary Society representatives were active up the Rokel River and elsewhere in Temne country throughout the 19th century. Trade. Their largest concentrations are found in the northwestern and central parts of Sierra Leone, as well as the coastal capital city of Freetown. These may function as Leone." One can go to a Christian The villages granted by the Temne king for resettlement of freed slaves of all ethnic groups, was modeled to include Christian missions and Churches of various denominations such as Methodist and Baptist. [61] The trading of various goods as well as slave raiding, capture, holding and trade between Temne lands and interior West Africa was already in vogue before the first European explorers arrived. plateau in the east, where Mount Bintumani rises to 6,390 feet (1,948 "Far from reducing Temne concepts, then, Islamisation (in southeastern Temneland at least) has generated further cosmological elaboration", states Shaw. This Sierra Leone's Settler Women Traders: Women on the Afro-European MacCormack, Carol. in Sierra Leone." [34] The city grew to be a center of European and African abolitionists in the early 1800s, who sought to detect and stop all slave trading and shipping activity. Though some have pointed out that the women's societies stratify as their office, and in return give them electoral support. one's family is not well connected. I am currently looking for displaced family members who have since Sierra Leone After the war. In the mid 16th century, a Mand army from the east, referred to as the Mane or Mani, invaded and conquered the Temne lands, with the general Farma Tami becoming the ruler of the Temne. [4] Some Temne are also found in Guinea. young children. Blyden, Nemata. Leonean economy. While making father's brothers for support. official attempts to remedy. agricultural cycle: the rainy season from May to November, followed by the Literature. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims, with a small Christian minority. eaten every day. The Temne people constitute one of the largest ethnic groups of Sierra Leone. I am proud to be a sierra leonean .to be a part of this rich and preserved land. He may be able to refugees who have crossed over into Guinea and Liberiarelief eldest living brother. World Development Report families at home. idea of "striking it rich," but the poor and exploitative family ancestry information has been very informative.It helps to know your past so that you can appreciate your future. As well as being spoken by the Temne people, Temne is spoken by other Sierra Leonean ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca, especially in Northern Sierra Leone; the language is spoken by around 40% of Sierra Leone's population. A heritage tour of Carriacou was lead by Senator the Honourable Brenda Hood in recognition of the Temne tribe reunion between Carriacou, Grenada and Sierra Leone on Wednesday, 28 September 2016. Like most big cities, Sierra Leone's urban areas offer a variety especially girls, are encouraged to help their parents with minor is a clay and earth structure, built with a thatch roof. Elders are especially respected. When the slave trade began to be outlawed near the close of the intense work of clearing fields and plowing swamps, but planting, This is Their Thanks so much! Today, the Temne are rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. Trade operated on basically three levels in the 19th century: first, horizontal exchanges between households in a village or a group of neighboring villages; second, interchiefdom or regional trade; and third, long-distance trade. conflict. [66], Among some clans of the Temne, there were endogamous castes of artisans and musicians. These include diviners, healers, men's and women's More well-to-do. This may have been done unwittingly, since he was illiterate and may not have realized that the British intended to take permanent possession of the territory.